Nzira yekuenzanisa sei mamiriro ekubhadhara?
SOC fungidziro
Mamiriro ekuchaja (SOC) yebhatiri ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha paramita panguva yekushandiswa kwebhatiri. Nekuti SOC inobatwa nezvinhu zvakaita sechaji/chiyero chekuburitsa (ikozvino), tembiricha,-kuzviburitsa, uye kuchembera, mabhatiri anoratidza kusaenderana kwakanyanya panguva yekushandiswa, izvo zvinoita kuti fungidziro yeSOC yakaoma.
SOC yekufungidzira nzira
Kazhinji kushandiswaSOC yekufungidzira nzirainosanganisira nzira yekuedza yekuburitsa, ampere-awa yekubatanidza nzira, yakavhurika-nzira yemagetsi edunhu, nzira yekuremedza voltage, nzira yekuramba mukati, neural network nzira, uye Kalman sefa nzira.
1) Discharge yekuedza nzira. Iyo nzira yekuyedza yekuburitsa ndiyo yakavimbika nzira yekufungidzira yeSOC. Inoshandisa nguva inogara iripo yekuramba ichibuda, uye chigadzirwa chekubuda ikozvino uye nguva ndiyo yakasara mutero. Nzira yekuedza yekubuda inowanzoshandiswa mumarabhoritari uye inoshandiswa kune mabhatiri ose, asi ine zvipingamupinyi zviviri zvakakosha: kutanga, inoda nguva yakawanda; chechipiri, kushanda kwebhatiri kunofanira kukanganiswa. Iyo nzira yekuyedza yekuburitsa haina kukodzera mota dzemagetsi dziri kufamba, asi inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi.
2)Ampere-awa yekubatanidza nzira. Iyo ampere-awa yekubatanidza nzira ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa yeSOC estimation method. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ine matambudziko anotevera: isina kururamakuyerwa kwazvinoinotungamira kuSOC kukarukureta kutsauka, uye zvikanganiso zvinounganidza nekufamba kwenguva uye zvinokura; kuchaja-kubuda zvakanaka kwebhatiri kunofanirwa kutariswa; kukanganisa kunokura pasi pe-tembiricha yepamusoro kana kuti bhatiri rikachinja zvine simba. Kuyera kwazvino kusiri iko kunogona kugadziriswa nekushandisa-masensor emazuva ano ekushanda, asi mutengo unowedzera; kugadzirisa kuchaja-kubvisa zvakanaka kunoda kuziva huwandu hukuru hwe data yekuedza uye kugadza empirical formula yekuchaja-kubvisa zvakanaka. Iyo ampere-awa yekubatanidza nzira inogona kushandiswa pamabhatiri emotokari emagetsi ese. Kana kuyerwa kwazvino kwakaringana uye paine data rakakwana rekutanga fungidziro mamiriro, inogona kuve iri nyore uye yakavimbika SOC yekufungidzira nzira.
3)Vhura-nzira yemagetsi edunhu. Iyo -circuit voltage yakavhurwa yebhatiri panopera kubuda iri pedyo nebhatiri remagetsi emagetsi. Simba re electromotive recobalt{{5}asidhi bhatiri ibasa re electrolyte concentration, inodzikira zvakaenzanirana nekubuda kwebhatiri, saka iyo yakavhurika{6}}circuit voltage inogona kushandiswa kufungidzira SOC. Hukama hwemabhatiri -yecircuit voltage maringe neSOC hukama hweMH/Ni mabhatiri nelithium-mabhatiri eion haana kunaka seecobalt{{10}mabhatiri easidhi, asi hukama hwawo hunofambirana hunogona kushandiswa kufungidzira SOC, kunyanya kana paine mibairo iri nani pakutanga nekupera kwekuchaja. Zvakanyanya kuipa panzira yakavhurika{12}}yokuti bhatiri rinoda kumbozorora kwenguva yakareba kuti magetsi agadzikane, uye zvinotora maawa akawanda kana anopfuura maawa gumi kuti bhatiri ridzoke kubva pakushanda kusvika pakugadzikana, izvo zvinokonzera kunetsa pakuyera; kuona kuti kuzorora kwenguva yakareba sei idambudziko zvakare, saka nzira iyi kana yakashandiswa yoga yakakodzera chete kumotokari dzemagetsi munzvimbo yakamira. Nzira yakavhurika-yecircuit voltage ine fungidziro yeSOC yakanaka pakutanga uye pakupera kwekuchaja uye inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete neampere{15}}awa yekubatanidza nzira.
4) Rodha voltage nzira. Painobuda ipapo ipapo, magetsi anokurumidza kuchinja kubva payakavhurika-circuit voltage state kuenda paload voltage state. Kana bhatiri riripo richiramba riripo, patani yekuchinja kwemagetsi neSOC yakafanana neyakavhurika-circuit voltage neSOC. Chakanakira nzira yemagetsi ndechekuti inokwanisa kufungidzira SOC yebhatiri pack munguva chaiyo uye iine mibairo yakanaka panguva-inobuda. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, bhatiri remutyairi voltage rinounza kuomerwa nekushandiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, modhi yemasvomhu yebhatiri voltage data, yakazvimirira dynamic load voltage, uye SOC inodiwa; saka, nzira yekuremedza magetsi hainyanyi kushandiswa kumotokari chaidzo asi inowanzo shandiswa semucherechedzo wekuchajisa bhatiri-kubvisa bhatiri.
5) Internal Resistance Method. Battery yemukati kuramba yakakamurwa kuita AC yemukati kuramba uye DC yemukati kuramba, ese ari maviri ane hukama neSOC (State of Charge). Battery AC impedance ibasa rekufambisa pakati pebhatiri voltage neazvino, shanduko yakaoma inomiririra kuramba kwebhatiri kune AC ikozvino, uye inoyerwa uchishandisa AC impedance mita. Battery AC impedance inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekushisa; kana kuriyera munzvimbo yakavhurika{{4}yedunhu mushure mekunge bhatiri radzikama kana panguva yekuchajisa nekuburitsa zvinonetsa uye hazviwanzo shandiswa mumotokari chaidzo. DC yemukati kuramba inomiririra kuramba kwebhatiri kune DC ikozvino, yakaenzana nereshiyo yekuchinja kwebhatiri voltage kune shanduko yezvino munguva pfupi pfupi. Pakuyerwa chaiko, bhatiri rinochajwa kana kuburitswa nguva nenguva kutanga kubva payakavhurika-circuit state; mutsauko uripakati pemagetsi ekuremerwa neyakavhurika-circuit voltage panguva imwe chete, yakakamurwa neukoshi hwazvino, ndeye DC internal resistance. Pamabhatiri elead{{10}asidhi, DC yemukati inoramba ichiwedzera zvakanyanya munguva yekuzobuda uye inogona kushandiswa kufungidzira bhatiri reSOC; iyo DC yemukati mekudzivirira kusiyana kwemabhatiri eMH/Ni uye lithium-mabhatiri eion anosiyana neayo emutobvu-asidhi yemabhatiri uye hainyanyi kushandiswa. Hukuru hweiyo DC yemukati kuramba inokanganiswa nenguva yekuverenga nguva. Kana nguva yenguva ipfupi kupfuura 10ms, chete ohmic yemukati kuramba inogona kuonekwa; kana nguva yenguva yakareba, kupikisa kwemukati kunowedzera kuoma. Kunyatsoyera kupikisa kwemukati kwesero rimwe chete kwakaoma, iyo inokanganisa yeDC yemukati yekudzivirira nzira. The internal resistance method inokodzera kufungidzira mamiriro echaji (SOC) yebhatiri munguva inotevera pakubuda uye inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete neampere{18}}awa yekubatanidza nzira.
6) Neural network nzira. Bhatiri igadziriro isina tsananguro, uye zvinonetsa kuwana chimiro chesvomhu chaidzo chechaji-kubuda kwaro. Neural network ine akakosha asina mutsara maitiro, akafanana chimiro, uye kugona kudzidza. Ivo vanogona kuburitsa zvinoenderane zvinobuda zvekunze kwekunakidzwa uye nekudaro vanoteedzera bhatiri dhizaini maitiro kufungidzira SOC. Yakajairwa 3-layer neural network inowanzoshandiswa kufungidzira bhatiri SOC: nhamba yemaneuron mune yekupinza uye yekubuda layer inotarwa nedambudziko chairo rinodiwa uye rinowanzo mutsara basa; huwandu hwemaneuroni muhwaro hwakavanzika hunoenderana nekuoma kwedambudziko uye inodiwa kuongororwa kwechokwadi. Anowanzo shandiswa mabhii ekuyeresa bhatiri SOC anosanganisira voltage, yazvino, yakaunganidzwa yakaburitswa simba, tembiricha, kuramba kwemukati, uye ambient tembiricha. Kana kusarudzwa kweiyo neural network input variables kwakakodzera uye kana nhamba yezvinyorwa zvakakodzera zvinokanganisa zvakananga kurongeka kwemuenzaniso uye computational load. Iyo neural network nzira inoshanda kune akasiyana mabhatiri, asi chakashata ndechekuti inoda huwandu hukuru hwereferensi data yekudzidziswa, uye kukanganisa kwekufungidzira kunokanganiswa zvakanyanya nedata rekudzidzisa uye nzira yekudzidzisa.
7)Kalman sefa nzira. Pfungwa huru yeKalman sefa dzidziso ndeyekuita iyo yakakwana fungidziro yemamiriro eiyo inoshanduka sisitimu mupfungwa yediki musiyano. Kana yaiswa kubhatiri SOC fungidziro, bhatiri rinoonekwa seine simba sisitimu uye SOC ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzayo dzemukati. Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peKalman sefa nzira yekufungidzira bhatiri SOC ichangotanga mumakore achangopfuura. Iyi nzira inokodzera mabhatiri akasiyana-siyana uye, kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira, inonyanya kukodzera SOC fungidziro yemagetsi emotokari bhatiri packs ane yakakura kuchinja ikozvino. Iyo haingope chete fungidziro yeSOC asiwo inopa kukanganisa kwekufungidzira kweSOC. Zvisinei, kuipa kweiyi nzira ndeyokuti algorithm yakanyanyisa kuoma uye inoda yakakwirira computational kukwanisa kwegadziriro, saka haisati yapinda muchikamu chinoshanda.
Kuburikidza ne{{0}tsvakiridzo yakadzama yenzira dzakasiyana dzekufungidzira dzeSOC, nzira yekubatanidza yeawa{1}yakatanga kusarudzwa sehwaro. Nekuyera nemazvo bhatiri riripo, zvakasanganiswa ne-circuit voltage method uye tichitarisa zvinhu zvakaita sebhatiri kuchaja{4}}kubuda zvakanaka, tembiricha, kuchembera, uye kuzviburitsa pachako, kusimba kwesimba rebhatiri remotokari dzemagetsi dzinowanikwa. Pamotokari dzemagetsi chaiwo, bhatiri pack rinoshanda -richaja uye rakazara-kubuda, uye nguva zhinji yekuchaja inoramba ichichajwa{9}ikozvino. Mushure mekuchaja kwapera, pane yakadzikama yekutanga kukosha kwekumisikidza (kana kuchaja kwapera, SOC i100% kana kuti yakawandisa zvishoma). Kana kuchaja-kubuda zvakanaka kwebhatiri pack kwakakwira zvakanyanya (kupfuura 95%), kuchaja{15}}kubuda zvakanaka kunogona kuita kunge 1 kana kuenzana nehumbowo hunogara huripo. Kushandisa nzira iyi kuverenga SOC kunogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Kukanganisa kwaunganidzirwa kwechaji yega yega-inobviswa inobviswa kana kuchaja kunotevera kwapera pamwe nekugadzirisa kukosha kwekutanga kweSOC.
Nekuita zviyero zvepamusoro-zvemazvo emagetsi ebhatiri, ikozvino, uye ruzivo rwetembiricha kuti tive nechokwadi chekururama kwezvinoiswa pakufungidzira kweSOC; nekumisikidza inoshanda bhatiri modhi kuburikidza nekuongorora kwe theoretical uye kuenderana kweyekuyedza data; nekugadzirisa SOC pakupera kwechaji uye kuburitsa kubvisa zvakaunganidzwa SOC zvikanganiso; uye nekufunga nezve kuchaja bhatiri-zvinoita mashandiro anoita bhatiri, tembiricha, kuchembera, uye kuzviburitsa-zvinokonzeresa,-kuyerwa chaiko kwesystem yeSOC kunowanikwa. Mamiriro ebhatiri{{5}ye-yekufungidzira kuchaja anoratidzwa paMufananidzo 17-12.
(1) SOC yekutanga kukosha kwekuverenga nziraKukosha kwekutanga kweSOC kunowanikwa nekuwanda kweSOC yakachengetwa pamagetsi-yakadzimwa uye SOC inowanikwa kubva mutembiricha-OCV-tafura yekutarisa yeSOC necoefficient ine chekuita nenguva isina Indaneti. Iko kukosha kweSOC kwekutanga kunoda kuverengwa pese painobatidzwa system.
(2) Kuverengera kwesero yega SOC kukosha uye kururamisa kwega yega sero SOC kukosha kwakavakirwa paSOH kukoshaKugona kwebhatiri kunowanikwa nekutarisa kumusoro kwetafura uchishandisa tembiricha uye kuchaja ikozvino, uye huwandu hwebhatiri hunogadziriswa nekutarisa kumusoro kwetafura uchishandisa SOH. Yazvino inosanganiswa pachishandiswa nzira yeampere-awa yobva yapatsanurwa nekukwanisa kuwana kukosha kweSOC. Iyo SOC shanduko kukosha inowedzerwa kune yekutanga kukosha kuti uwane iyo yega sero SOC kukosha.
(3) Kuverengera kwebhatiri pack SOCKana iyo system ikabatidzwa zvakare, iyo yekuverenga SOC yekutanga kukosha inotorwa sebhatiri pack SOC; kana iri mu discharge mamiriro, bhatiri pack SOC inoverenga kushoma kukosha pakati pemunhu cell SOCs; kana mune yekuchaja mamiriro uye kuchaja isina kupera, bhatiri paki SOC inoverenga iyo yakanyanya module SOC kukosha; kana mune yekuchaja mamiriro uye kuchaja kwapera, bhatiri paki SOC yakaiswa kune 1.
(4)Individual cell SOC kugadzirisa nzira pakupera kwechaji / kuburitsaKana iyo sisitimu iri mumamiriro ekuchaja uye bhatiri pack SOC yakakura kupfuura 0.8, iyo system inotsanangurwa sekunge iri pakupera kwekuchaja; kana sisitimu iri mukuburitsa uye bhatiri pack SOC iri pasi pe0.3, iyo sisitimu inotsanangurwa sekunge iri pakupera kwekuburitsa. Kana iyo system iri pakupera kwechaji / kuburitsa, iyo SOC inoda kugadziriswa. Iyo SOC yekuverenga nzira pakupera kwechaji / kuburitsa ndeyekuwana iyo SOC kukosha nekutarisa kumusoro kwetafura uchishandisa tembiricha, kuchaja / kuburitsa ikozvino, uye voltage.
