Chii chinonzi charge uye discharge maitiro?

Chii chinonzi charge uye discharge maitiro?

Lithium-mabhatiri eion anowanzo shandisa nzira mbiri-yekuchaja kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa, kuvimbika, uye kuchaja zvakanaka. Yekutanga nhanho inogara iripo ine voltage kudzikisira, uye yechipiri nhanho inogara voltage ine ikozvino kudzikisira. Iyo yakanyanya voltage inogumira pakuchaja lithium-ion battery inosiyana zvichienderana necathode material. The basic charge/discharge voltage curves ye lithium-ion bhatiri inoratidzwa muFigure 3-11. Iwo macurves mumufananidzo anoshandisa kuchaja/kuburitsa ikozvino yeC/3. Kune akasiyana mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, misiyano mikuru yakapetwa kaviri:

Figure 3-11 Basic charging and discharging voltage curve of lithium-ion battery

1) Iyo yakakwana inogara iripo kukosha kwekutanga inosiyana zvichienderana nebhatiri cathode zvinhu uye maitiro ekugadzira. Kazhinji, huwandu hwezvino hwe 0.2C kusvika 0.3C hunoshandiswa. Muzviitiko zvekukurumidza kushandiswa kwesimba, 1C, 2C, kana kunyange yakakwirira mitengo inogona kushandiswa.

2) Mabhatiri e-lithium-akasiyana-siyana anoratidza misiyano yakakura mukureba kwenguva iripo, uye chikamu chesimba chinogona kuchajwa nekugara chiripo kusvika pachiyero chinosiyanawo zvakanyanya. Kubva pamaonero ezvishandiso zvemotokari yemagetsi, kurebesa nguva yazvino inoguma nenguva ipfupi yekuchaja, iyo inonyanya kubatsira kune maapplication.

Lithium-ion bhatiri voltage yakagadzikana uye inodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma mukutanga nepakati pekubuda, asi inodonha nekukurumidza mune inotevera nhanho, sezvinoratidzwa muchikamu DE cheMufananidzo 3-11. Kudzora kunoshanda kwakakosha panguva ino kudzivirira kuburitsa zvakanyanya uye kukuvara kusingagadzirise bhatiri.

(1) Mhedzisiro yekuchaja ikozvinopakuchaja Kutora imwe NCM lithium-ion bhatiri ine mwero wakayerwa we242A·h semuenzaniso, pasi pemamiriro eSOC=0% uye tembiricha isingachinji ye20 degree, mitengo yekuchaja yakasiyana yakashandiswa pakuchaja. Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro inoratidzwa muTafura 3-1 uye yekuchaja curve inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3-12.

Yazvino/A(Chiyero)	CC{{0}CV①Nguva Yese	Constant CurrentTime/s	Total ChargedCapacity/A·h	Total ChargedEnergy/W · h	Constant CurrentCharged Capacity/A·h	Constant VoltageCharged Energy/W · h	170A·hTime/s	170A·hCurrent/A
4.84/(0.02C)	182220	182220	245.74	942.54	245.74	942.54	127400	4.85
12.1/(0.05C)	72318.5	72318.5	243.70	935.37	243.70	935.37	50400	12.11
24.2/(0.1C)	36206.8	35800	243.20	935.77	241.03	926.69	25200	24.24
48.4/(0.2C)	18317.5	17560	241.08	933.32	236.32	912.16	12600	48.44
80.7/(0.33C)	11443.6	10490	243.50	946.27	235.29	910.08	7590	80.76
121/(0.5C)	7936.6	6900	243.92	952.95	232.09	900.85	5110	121.09

① CC, Constant Current; CV, Constant Voltage.

Figure 3-12 Lithium-ion battery charging curves at different C-rates

Sezvinoratidzwa muTable 3-1, nguva iripo inodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kuchaja, uye simba rinokwanisa kuchajwa pasi pemazuva ese zvinodzikirawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Kutora kuchaja uye kuburitsa simba re1/2 (kureva, SOC=50%) seyakajairwa, nguva inodiwa yekuchaja inoderera nekuwedzera kuchaja ikozvino; nguva inodiwa pa 0.1C ingangoita kashanu kuti 0.5C. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, musiyano uripo wekuramba uchichaja idiki, saka nguva yekuchaja ye30A·h yekupedzisira haina kusiyana zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, mukati mebhatiri inobvumidzwa yekuchaja ikozvino, kuwedzera iyo yekuchaja ikozvino, kunyangwe ichidzikisa huwandu uye simba rinogona kubhadhariswa pasi penguva dzose ikozvino, zvinobatsira kuderedza iyo yakazara yekuchaja nguva. Mune inoshanda bhatiri pack application, iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa yekuchaja ikozvino yelithium-ion bhatiri inogona kushandiswa pakuchaja, uye mushure mekusvika painogumira voltage, kugara uchichaja kunogona kuitwa. Izvi zvinoderedza nguva yekuchaja uku uchivimbisa kuchengetedza kwekuchaja. Nekudaro, kuwedzera iyo yekuchaja ikozvino kuchaitawo kuti kuwedzera kwekurasikirwa kwesimba nekuda kwekupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri. Simba rinoshandiswa mukati mekudzivirira kwemukati rinoverengwa maererano nekuenzanisa (3-4).

Factors affecting charging characteristics

Apo E ndiyo simba rinopedzwa nekupikisa kwemukati;

r ndiko kudzivirira kwemukati kwebhatiri;

t ndiyo inochinja nguva yekuchaja;

Ndini mhepo inochaya;

t₁ uye t₂ ndiyo nguva yekuchaja yekutanga uye yekupedzisira.

Kuongorora kwakadzama kwakaratidza kuti mabhatiri e lithium-ion anochinja mukati me0.4 mΩ panguva yekuchaja. Naizvozvo, equation (3-4) inoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwesimba nekuda kwebhatiri yemukati kuramba kunoenderana nemutsara nenguva yekuchaja, asi quadratically ine chekuita nekuchaja ikozvino. Munguva yenguva dzose yekuchaja nhanho, hukuru hwekuchaja ikozvino ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokonzera kupikisa kwemukati kushandiswa kwesimba; Kuchaja kwepamusoro kunoguma nekushandiswa kukuru kwesimba. Munguva yenguva dzose yemagetsi, yakaderera ikozvino nhanho, nguva yekuchaja inova chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa kushandiswa kwesimba remukati; nguva yakareba yekuchaja inokonzera kushandiswa kukuru kwesimba. Tichifunga nezvese kuchaja maitiro, sezvo yekuchaja ikozvino ine hukama hwe quadratic nemukati mekudzivirira simba rekushandisa uye ndicho chinhu chikuru chiri kuikanganisa, yekuchajisa kwazvino kunoguma mune yakakura yemukati kuramba kushandiswa kwesimba. Mumashandisirwo ebhatiri anoshanda, ikozvino kuchaja kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kusarudzwa nekunyatso tarisa zvese nguva yekuchaja uye kugona.

(2) Mhedzisiro Yekudzika Kwekubvisa paKuchaja Hunhu Pasi petembiricha isingaperi ye20 degree, bvunzo yekuburitsa yakaitwa paNCM lithium-ion bhatiri ine chiyero chakayerwa che66.2 A·h. Bhatiri yakabudiswa pamwero we 0.5C kusvika pakadzika kwakasiyana-siyana kwekubuda (DOD) (10% → 100%), inoenderana neState of Charge (SOC) ye90% → 0%. Voltage, yazvino, uye data data yakanyorwa panguva yekuburitsa. Mushure mokuzorora kwemaminetsi makumi matanhatu, bhatiri yakabhadharwa pachiyero che 0.5C (CC). Kana iyo cutoff voltage yasvikwa, iyo yekuchaja mode yakachinjirwa kune inogara voltage (CV). Apo yazvino yaive isingasviki 0.05C, maitiro akamiswa, uye voltage, ikozvino, uye data data yakanyorwa. Iyo data inoenderana inoratidzwa muTable 3-2. Iyo yekuchaja ikozvino curves yerithium-ion bhatiri pasi pekudzika kwakasiyana kwemamiriro ekubuda anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3-13.

SOC	DOD	Discharge	Charge	Equal-CapacityCharged Energy①/W·h	Equal-CapacityDischarged Energy②/W·h	KuchajaNguva/min	Constant CurrentTime/min	Constant CurrentCharged Capacity/A·h	Avhareji yekuchaja Nguva Yenguva Kugona③/min
		Kugona/A·h	Simba/W·h	Kugona/A·h	Simba/W·h
80.00	20.00	13.35	54.03	13.48	55.88	27.94	27.02	41.13	33.50	12.32	3.05
70.00	30.00	20.02	80.16	19.99	82.08	27.36	26.72	59.23	50.83	18.69	2.96
60.00	40.00	26.69	105.62	26.61	108.19	27.05	26.41	77.72	68.50	25.19	2.92
50.00	50.00	33.36	130.42	33.27	133.61	26.72	26.08	96.02	86.67	31.87	2.89
40.00	60.00	40.04	154.61	39.95	158.50	26.42	25.77	114.18	104.83	38.55	2.86
30.00	70.00	46.71	178.38	46.61	182.97	26.14	25.48	132.28	123.00	45.22	2.84
20.00	80.00	53.38	201.73	53.26	207.07	25.88	25.22	150.40	141.00	51.84	2.82
10.00	90.00	60.05	224.45	59.92	230.62	25.62	24.94	168.47	159.17	58.52	2.81

① Equal-Capacity Charge Energy: Simba rinochajwa pasi peshanduko imwe chete yeSOC (semuenzaniso, 10%). Semuyenzaniso: kana chaji ye90% DOD iri 30W·h, yakaenzana-inochaja simba i30W·h; kana chaji che80% DOD chiri 50W·h, yakaenzana-inochaja simba i25W·h.

② Kuenzana-Kukwanisa Kubudiswa Simba: Simba rinobudiswa pasi peshanduko imwe chete yeSOC (semuenzaniso, 10%).

③ Avhareji yekuchaja Nguva paChipatimendi Kugona / min: Kuchaja Nguva / Kuchaja Kugona.

Figure 3-13 Charging curves of lithium-ion batteries under different depths of discharge conditions

Kubva paTafura 3-2 uye Mufananidzo 3-13, mhedziso dzinotevera dzinogona kutorwa:

1) Nekuwedzera kudzika kwekubuda, nguva yekuchaja inowedzera, asi avhareji yekuchaja nguva pachiyero cheyuniti inoderera, zvichireva kuti kuwedzera kwekuchaja nguva hakuna kuenzana nekudzika kwekubuda.

2) Nekuwedzera kudzika kwekuburitsa, chikamu chenguva dzese dzekuchaja nguva kusvika kunguva yekuchaja chinowedzera, uye chikamu chenguva dzese yekuchaja huwandu hunodiwa hwekuchaja hunowedzera. Muzvokwadi, maitiro aya anonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinhu zviviri: kutanga, kudzika kwakadzika kwekubuda kunoda nguva yakareba kuti ipedze bhatiri; chechipiri, kudzika kwakadzika kwekubuda kunopindirana nemhepo yakadzika yemagetsi, zvichiita kuti simba shoma ripiswe mubhatiri pasi pemamiriro akafanana ezvino uye nguva yekuchaja.

(3) Kupesvedzerwa kweTembiricha pakuchaja Mamiriro eLithium-mabhatiri eion akachajwa pasi petembiricha yakasiyana-siyana. Tichitora 66.2 A·h NCM lithium-ion bhatiri semuenzaniso, nzira inogara iripo uye yekumisa magetsi yakashandiswa. Maparameta ekuchaja akarekodhwa nemuganhu wekuchajisa uri 1.3 A uye 3.3 A, sezviri kuratidzwa muTable 3-3. Pasi peiyo imwechete yekuburitsa ikozvino, bhatiri voltage inosangana nekudonha kwakanyanya, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3-13. Nekudaro, nekuti iyo voltage inoramba yakakwira, iyo yekuburitsa simba ichiri yakakwirira. Muchikamu chekutanga chekubuda, simba rinoshandiswa nebhatiri remukati rekudzivirira rinowedzera kupisa kwebhatiri, rinowedzera basa re lithium-ion bhatiri rinoshanda zvinhu, uye rinosimudza bhatiri voltage, nokudaro kuwedzera simba rinogona kusunungurwa. Pakati uye gare gare nhanho dzekubuda, bhatiri voltage inodzikira, uye simba rinoburitswa panguva yeyuniti inodzikira zvinoenderana.

Panguva imwecheteyo tembiricha uye neiyo yakafanana discharge termination voltage, akasiyana discharge termination currents anozokonzera mutsauko mukugona uye simba rinoburitswa. Kazhinji, pasi pemamiriro ekunze ekushisa, kuderera kwezvino, kunowedzera simba uye simba rinobudiswa. Sezvakaita muyedzo yekuburitsa yataurwa pamusoro, 0.2C inoburitsa 3.2% yakawanda kugona uye simba kupfuura 1C.

Figure 3-15 Discharge energy-discharge capacity curves at different temperatures