Chii chine Lithium Ion Mabhatiri?

ByJake Morrison, Hardware Munyori|Sarah Chen|Mike Patterson
Rakatsikiswa:Kukadzi 8, 2025

Zvakawanda zvese zvinochajiswa mazuva ano zvinomhanya pamabhatiri e-lithium ion. Foni yako, zviri pachena. Laptop. Iwo maearbuds asina waya aungave wakapfeka izvozvi. Iyo tekinoroji yakatanga muna 1991 apo Sony yakatengesa yekutanga lithium ion maseru emacamcorder, uye yanga ichidya muchikamu chese chechigadzirwa kubva ipapo.

Vanhu vanobvunza kuti "chii chine mabhatiri e-lithium ion" vachitarisira runyoro rwakareruka, asi mhinduro chaiyo ndeyekuti: enda unotarisa mumba mako. Verenga midziyo inogona kuchajwa. Ndiyo mhinduro yako.

Mabhatiri aya anochengeta simba nekuvhara lithium ions nekudzoka pakati nepakati pakati pemaelectrode maviri-anode kune cathode paunenge uchiburitsa, reverse direction paunoapura. Kemesitiri inonzwika yakaoma asi mhedzisiro yacho yakatwasuka: simba rakawanda munzvimbo shoma kudarika mabhatiri emhando dzekare.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Zvikonzero zvitatu. Energy density inokunda zvimwe zvese. Lithium ion cell inotakura 150-250 watt-maawa pakirogiramu. Enzanisa iyo nickel-cadmium pamwe 40-60 Wh/kg. Kwete kana pedyo.

Chechipiri, hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro. Rangarira mafoni ekare asina tambo pawaifanira kuburitsa bhatiri zvizere kana kuti "yaizokanganwa" kukwana kwayo? Lithium ion haiite izvozvo. Ichajise chero nguva. Chetatu, kuzvibvisa-pasi-vanobata chaji yavo vakagara pasherufu, vachirasikirwa pamwe ne2-3% pamwedzi maringe ne20% yemabhatiri eNiMH.

Mutengo wakadzikawo. Kare muma'90s mabhatiri aya aidhura zvekuti aingoshandiswa nemagetsi ekutanga. Ikozvino dzave dzakachipa zvakakwana kudhora chitoro USB majaja. Zvakanaka, zvakachipazvakakwana-ichiri kudhura kupfuura alkaline, asi kuchajazve kunobhadhara nekukurumidza.

MaSmartphones anotungamira paki. iPhone 15 Pro ine 3,274 mAh bhatiri. Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra inokwira ku5,000 mAh. Foni yese kubva pamadhora makumi mashanu emhando dzeprepaid kusvika ku$1,500 mureza inoshandisa lithium ion-kazhinji lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) chemistry nekuti inokwirisa nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakamanikana.

MaLaptops anomhanyisa mabhatiri akakura, anowanzo 50-80 Wh kuma ultrabook, anosvika zana Wh kumaworkstation. Chaizvoizvo, 100 Wh ndiwo muganho wepamutemo wekutakura mabhatiri mundege pasina kubvumidzwa kwakakosha, ndosaka vagadziri velaptop vachinangisa iyo nhamba. Iyo FAA yakaisa mutemo iwoyo mushure meimwe lithium bhatiri moto pandege muma2000s.

Mahwendefa anowira pakati pe-iPad Pro ine 40 Wh. Kindle Paperwhite? Tiny 6 Wh bhatiri rinotora mavhiki nekuti e-ink inoratidza sip simba.

Zvadaro pane zvimwe zvinhu zvose. Wireless mbeva uye kiibhodhi (kazhinji AAA-saizi lithium ion maseru). Matauriro eBluetooth-JBL, Ultimate Ears, Bose, ose lithium ion. Vatongi vemitambo. Smartwatches. Fitness trackers. Wireless kuchengetedza makamera. Vhidhiyo mabhero epagonhi. Magetsi mazino. The Oral-B iO series inoshandisa lithium bhatiri rakanaka kwemavhiki maviri pakati pechaji.

AirPods Pro ine 1.98 Wh yebhatiri huwandu hwakasanganiswa pakati pemaearbuds nekesi. Izvo zvisingaite senge zvakanyanya kudzamara waona kuti vari kupa simba rinoshanda kudzima ruzha, spatial audio processing, uye isina waya yekubatanidza kwemaawa.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Motokari dzemagetsi dzakachinja chiyero zvachose. Tesla Model 3 Long Range inotakura 75 kWh bhatiri-iyo 75,000 watt-maawa, kana anosvika chiuru nemazana mashanu emabhatiri akakosha esimba. Bhatiri chete rinorema anenge 1,000 pounds.

MaEV mazhinji anoshandisa nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) kana lithium iron phosphate (LFP) kemisitiri kwete cobalt{0}}masero anorema mumafoni. NMC inopa kunaka kwesimba kusimba nekugadzikana kurinani kwekupisa. LFP haina njodzi uye inogara kwenguva refu-BYD neTesla zvese zvinoshandisa LFP yemamodhi akajairika izvozvi. Kutengeserana{{5}kudzima kune simba rakaderera, saka unoda mamwe maseru emhando imwe chete.

Ford F-150 Mheni ine kusvika 131 kWh iripo. Rivian R1T inoenda ku135 kWh muMax Pack kumisikidzwa. Lucid Air Dream Range inoda 112 kWh uye inowana anopfuura mamaira mazana mashanu eEPA renji nekuti mota nemagetsi avo zvinopenga.

Mabhasikoro emagetsi ari kufamba. Rad Power Bikes anowanzo shandisa 48V 14Ah mapaketi (672 Wh). Epamusoro-ekupedzisira e{{6}mabhasikoro kubva kuSpecialized kana Trek anomhanya 500-700 Wh mabhatiri. E{{10}mascooters madiki-Xiaomi M365 anoshandisa 280 Wh, Shiri neLime ekurojesa scooters anoita zvakafanana.

Midhudhudhu yemagetsi ichiri niche asi ichikura. Zero Midhudhudhu SR/F ine 14.4 kWh bhatiri. Energica Ego+ inosunda 21.5 kWh. Hazvina kukwana kune nzendo refu dzemumugwagwa, asi kusvika ikoko.

Mabhoti ari kuuyawo. X Shore Elex 8000 chikepe chemagetsi chine 125 kWh bhatiri pack. Candela C-8 hydrofoil boat inoshandisa 44 kWh uye "nhunzi" pamusoro pemvura kuderedza kudhonza. Arc Sport yemagetsi wakeboard boat yaive pamadhora mazana matatu ezviuru panguva yandakatarisa.

Shanduko iyi yakaitika nekukurumidza. Makore makumi maviri apfuura, makondirakiti makuru akaseka maturusi asina tambo. Nhasi? Milwaukee, DeWalt, Makita, Bosch-vose vaenda nelithium.

DeWalt's FlexVolt system inomhanya 20V kana 60V zvichienderana nechishandiso. Milwaukee's M18 papuratifomu ine anopfuura mazana maviri ezvishandiso anogovera iyo yakafanana bhatiri system. Mabhatiri avo eHigh Output arova 12 Ah kugona-zvakakwana kuti vashandise saha yedenderedzwa kuburikidza nekucheka kwakawanda.

Midziyo yemagetsi yekunze yakatevera. Ego Power Plus inogadzira bhatiri lawn mower uchishandisa 56V 7.5 Ah paki (420 Wh). Zvigadziridzo zvetambo, zvinofuridza mashizha, kunyange zvinofuridza chando zvinomhanya papuratifomu imwe chete yebhatiri. Ryobi ine 40V system. Greenworks inopa 60V uye 80V sarudzo dzemidziyo mikuru.

Marobhoti vacuums uye lawn mowers anomhanyisa mabhatiri madiki sezvo achingochaja otomatiki. Roomba j7+ ine 60 Wh. Husqvarna Automower inoshandisa 18V lithium ion, huwandu hunosiyana nemuenzaniso.

Midziyo yehunyanzvi inoramba ichikura. Milwaukee inogadzira bhatiri rebhegi rinounza mazana matatu eWh ekumhanyisa maturusi akawanda panzvimbo dzebasa. Stihl inopa bhatiri chainsaws ine simba rakakwana rekutengesa muti webasa.

Inotakurika okisijeni concentrators yakakosha kune vanhu vane mamiriro ekufema. Inogen One G5 inoshandisa lithium ion bhatiri inopa maawa 3-6 ekushanda zvichienderana nekuyerera kwezvirongwa. Phillips Respironics Simply Go Mini inonangwa ingangoita maawa 4.5.

Michina yeCPAP yeapnea yekurara inowedzera kupa sarudzo dzebhatiri. ResMed AirMini yekufamba CPAP inogona kumhanyisa ekunze lithium mabhatiri. Inobatsira kumisasa kana kudzimwa kwemagetsi.

Zviyamuro zvekunzwa zvakachinjirwa kuita rechargeable lithium nguva pfupi yadarika. Phonak Audeo Paradise inochaja husiku uye inoita 16+ maawa. Starkey Evolv AI yakafanana kuita. Zvirinani pane kutsvanzvadzira neaya madiki zinc{4}}maseru emabhatani emhepo mazuva mashoma ega ega.

Midziyo yekuongorora kurapa-zvinoyeresa BP, mamonita eglucose, midziyo inotakurika yeECG-mizhinji yava kukwanisa kuchajwa. AliveCor KardiaMobile inorekodha ECGs parunhare, inomhanya pane diki lithium cell inogara mwedzi.

Mapombi anopinza, maturusi ekuvhiya, midziyo yekuongorora inoshandiswa muzvipatara-yakawanda mabhatiri ekuchengetedza lithium ion kana mamwe magetsi anotakurika. Iyo Stryker System 8 yekuvhiya magetsi maturusi anoshandisa lithium ion mabhatiri, asina kuvharirwa akavharirwa kushandiswa kwekamuri yekushandisa.

Midziyo inodyarwa iboka rakasiyana chose. Mamwe ma pacemaker matsva anoshandisa rechargeable lithium ion mabhatiri anochajwa transcutaneously (kuburikidza neganda) uchishandisa induction. Medtronic ine modhi idzo bhatiri rinozadzwa zvisina waya kamwe pasvondo pane kuda kuvhiyiwa kutsiva makore manomwe kusvika gumi.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Tesla Powerwall 2 inochengetera 13.5 kWh, inodhura madhora gumi nerimwe akaiswa. Powerwall 3 yakabuda munguva pfupi yapfuura nekubatanidzwa kuri nani. Generac PWRcell inopa 9-18 kWh modular masisitimu. LG Chem RESU inobva ku10-16 kWh zvichienderana nekugadziriswa.

Aya mabhatiri epamba anobatana nemagetsi ezuva-anochengetedza chizvarwa chakawandisa masikati, shandisai manheru. Ipawo backup panguva yekudzima kana yakagadziriswa nemazvo. Haasi ese masisitimu anoshanda panguva yekudzima; zvinoenderana ne inverter setup.

California inoraira solar padzimba nyowani, saka kutorwa kwebhatiri kuri kukurumidza ipapo. Hawaii ine mutengo wemagetsi wakakwira pamwe nezuva rakawanda, zvichiita kuti solar + kuchengetedza hupfumi hushande nemazvo. Texas yaive neiyo grid kutadza muna 2021 izvo zvakafambisa kufarira mabhatiri epamba.

Kuiswa kwekutengesa kunoenda zvakanyanya. Chitoro chegirosari chinogona kuisa 50-100 kWh yemabhatiri kuitira kutarisira kuchajwa kwezvinodiwa. Nzvimbo dzedhata dzinoshandisa megawatt-chiyero chebhatiri makamuri ekuchengetedza simba, kutsiva kana kuwedzera majenareta edhiziri.

Utility scale is wild. Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility muCalifornia ine 3,000 MWh yehuremu-iyo 3 miriyoni kilowatt-maawa, kana inokwana kuisa simba mudzimba dzinosvika 225,000 kwemaawa akati wandei. Inoshandisa Tesla Megapack units, imwe neimwe mudziyo wekutumira-uhukuru 3 MWh bhatiri.

Hornsdale Power Reserve yekuAustralia yaive imwe yekutanga mabhatiri mahombe egidhi, akavakwa naTesla muna 2017 pa150 MWh. Yakawedzerwa kubva ipapo. Aya masisitimu anodzikamisa grid frequency, chengetedza simba rinodzokororwa, kuderedza kudiwa kwegasi peaker zvidyarwa.

UPS (magetsi asingapindiki) masisitimu agara achishandiswa nelead{{0}mabhatiri aneasidhi. Yairema, yaidiwa kutsiviwa ega ega 3-makore mashanu, yaive nezvinhu zvinochetura. Lithium ion UPS masisitimu kubva kuAPC, Eaton, Vertiv inogara kwenguva refu, inotora nzvimbo shoma, huremu hushoma. Data centers kunyanya seizvi-kudzikisa huremu zvinoreva kushoma kwemaitiro mutoro muzvivakwa.

Drones uye quadcopters{{0}DJI ndiyo inotonga pamusika uyu. Madrones avo anomhanyisa lithium polymer (LiPo) mabhatiri, ayo ari tekinoroji ari lithium ion musiyano ane polymer electrolyte. DJI Mini 3 Pro inoshandisa 2453 mAh bhatiri kweanenge maminetsi makumi matatu nemana ekubhururuka. Madrones makuru seInspire 2 anotakura mabhatiri maviri anosvika 98 Wh.

Drone dzeunyanzvi dzekuongorora, kuongorora, kuendesa{{0}dzose dzine mabhatiri e lithium. Zipline medical delivery drones muAfrica inoshandisa lithium ion. Amazon yekuendesa drone prototypes inoashandisa.

Zvishandiso zvemuchadenga zviri kuwedzera. Ndege dzemagetsi dziri kuuya. Pipistrel Velis Electro ine mabhatiri e-lithium-ndege yemagetsi ekutanga yakabvumidzwa kudzidziswa kubhururuka muEurope. Beta Technologies uye Joby Aviation inogadzira magetsi emhepo tekisi inofambiswa nehombe lithium bhatiri mapaketi.

Satellite uye spacecraft inoshandisa nyanzvi lithium ion mabhatiri akavakwa kuti ararame vacuum, radiation, tembiricha yakanyanyisa. International Space Station ine mabhatiri e lithium ion anotsiva ekare nickel-hydrogen cells. Yese bhatiri module inorema 400+ mapaundi.

Midziyo yemauto-magirazi ekuona husiku, maredhiyo ehungwaru, mayunitsi eGPS, ese ari kufambisa mabhatiri elithium izvozvi. Zvirinani kuwanda kwesimba kunokosha kana varwi vakatakura midziyo kwemazuva. Iyo AN/PRC-163 redhiyo inoshandisa rechargeable lithium ion mabhatiri.

Makamera uye giya remifananidzo-makamera asina mirror kubva kuSony, Canon, Nikon all lithium ion. Sony A7 IV inoshandisa NP-FZ100 mabhatiri pa16.4 Wh rimwe nerimwe. Professional lighting-Aputure 300d LED marambi anoshanda paV-mount lithium mabhatiri (98 Wh saizi yakajairwa). Wireless maikorofoni, vhidhiyo monitors, zvese zvinotakurika mufirimu / kugadzirwa kwemafoto.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Bhatiri idzva{{0}Zvigadzirwa zvinofambiswa nemagetsi zvinowanzova neBluetooth kana Wi-makonekisheni eFi. Unogona kutarisa mamiriro ebhatiri pafoni yako. Ego magetsi maturusi anoratidza nhanho yekuchaja muapp. Ryobi zvishandiso zvakare. Tesla inokutendera kuti utarise bhatiri remota yako uye kuchaja uri kure.

Smart bhatiri manejimendi masisitimu (BMS) anoita basa rakawanda. Vanoenzanisa magetsi emagetsi-mune-mumasero akawanda, maseru ega ega anotatarika nekufamba kwenguva, BMS inoaenzanisa. Ivo vanotarisa tembiricha, kudzivirira kuwandisa uye kuwandisa, kutaurirana mamiriro kune mudziyo.

Mamwe maficha akabatana anonzwa kunge gimmicky, asi yekutarisa kure kune inodhura michina ine musoro. Vashandi vekuvaka vanogona kutarisa kuti ndeapi mabhatiri anoda kuchaja. Varidzi vekuchengetedza simba repamba vanogona kutarisa kugadzirwa kwezuva uye mamiriro ebhatiri pavanenge vachifamba.

Zvinetso zvekuchengetedza zviripo. Battery firmware inoda zvigadziriso dzimwe nguva. Kana iyo nzira yekutaurirana isina kuchengetedzwa nemazvo, zvinogona kuve munjodzi. Havasi vanhu vazhinji vanobaya mabhatiri, asi mune dzidziso inogoneka.

Vanhu vanosangana ne lithium mabhatiri nguva dzose vasina kufunga nezvazvo. Electric toothbrush muimba yekugezera. Cordless vacuum cleaner (Dyson V15 ine 70 Wh). Rechargeable tochi. Power bank mubhegi rako-Anker inogadzira mhando kubva pa10,000 mAh (37 Wh) kusvika pa25,000 mAh (90 Wh).

Matoyi evana ari kuwedzera kuchajwa. Mota dzeremote control, -matoyi epamusoro, midziyo yemagetsi yekudzidzira. Inorova kutenga mabhatiri ealkaline nguva dzose.

Zvishandiso zvemumba zvine hungwaru-bhero revhidhiyo remhete rine bhatiri rinobvisika relithium. Arlo kuchengetedza makamera anoshandisa mabhatiri anochajwazve mwedzi inogara. Google Nest thermostats ine backup lithium mabhatiri. Nyamavhuvhu smart kukiya anomhanya pa lithium AAs.

Maraiti ezororo ari kuchajwa zvakare. Maraiti etambo ane akavakirwa-mumabhatiri nema solar panel. Rechargeable LED makenduru. Zvinhu zvekushongedza.

Nyanzvi dzekushandisa kesi dzinosiyana zvakanyanya. Vashandi vekuvaka vanochinjanisa mabhatiri eMilwaukee kana DeWalt zuva rese. Warehouse forklifts kuchaja mabhatiri e-lithium ion panguva yekuzorora-maminetsi gumi nemashanu mukana wekuchaja mabhiti ekumirira kuti mabhatiri e-lead-asidhi achajike.

Kutorwa kwemidziyo yekurima kunononoka asi zvichiitika. John Deere vachiyedza matirakita emagetsi. Autonomous kurima marobhoti kazhinji magetsi. Masisitimu ekudiridza ane bhatiri backup.

Indasitiri yekuchenesa yakambundira lithium. Floor scrubbers, carpet extractors, commercial pressure washers-makambani akaita seTennant neKarcher anopa lithium sarudzo. Inokurumidza kuchaja, kureruka, hapana kugadzirisa kudiridza bhatiri semutobvu wekare-inodiwa masisitimu easidhi.

Mabhatiri anoderedza. Chemistry haigari nekusingaperi. Yakajairika lithium ion bhatiri inochengeta 80% kugona mushure me500-1000 kuchaja kutenderera, zvichienderana nemakemikari uye mashandisiro ekushandisa. Tesla inovimbisa mabhatiri eEV e70% kuchengetwa pamakore masere/100,000-150,000 mamaira zvichienderana nemuenzaniso.

Tembiricha inouraya mabhatiri nekukurumidza kupfuura chero chinhu. Kupisa zvakanyanya-kuchengeta kana kushandisa mabhatiri ari pamusoro pe30℃({3}} dhigirii F) nguva dzose kuno wedzera kuderera. Kutonhora kunoderedza simba renguva pfupi asi hakukonzere kukuvara zvachose sezvinoita kupisa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero mabhatiri ePhoenix EV akaderera nekukurumidza kupfuura mabhatiri eSeattle.

Kuchembera kwekarenda ndokwechokwadiwo. Mabhatiri anosvibisa kunyange kugara asina kushandiswa. Zvichengetedze pa40-50% yekuchajisa mutembiricha inotonhorera kwehupenyu hurefu hwesherufu. Kuchengeta bhatiri pa100% kuchaja uye 40 dhigirii kwenguva yakareba ndiyo yakaipisisa.

Zviitiko zvekuchengetedza hazviwanzo kuitika asi zvinogadzira nhau pazvinoitika. Kukanganisa kwekugadzira kwakakonzera moto weSamsung Galaxy Note 7 muna 2016-vakarangarira nhare miriyoni 2.5. Hoverboards dzakabata moto kazhinji muna 2015-2016 zvekuti ndege dzakavarambidza. Kazhinji izvi zvinoteedzera kukugadzira nyaya dzehutongi hwemhando, kukuvara kwemuviri, kana kuchaja nemachaja asiri iwo.

Thermal runaway-kana sero rikapisa uye kupisa kwoita mamwe maitiro anounza kupisa kwakawanda-ndiwo maitiro makuru ekutadza. Mabhatiri akagadzirwa nemazvo ane akawanda ekuchengetedza maficha: azvino anomisa maseketi, mafizi anopisa, mhepo yekuyamura mhepo, separator shutdown layer. Mabhatiri akachipa anodarika dziviriro idzi.

Kugarisana kunogumbura vashandisi. Yese chishandiso brand inoshandisa akasiyana bhatiri fomu zvinhu. Mabhatiri eDeWalt haakwane maturusi eMilwaukee. Ryobi anga akangwara kuchengetedza One+ platform yavo kwemakore-zvishandiso kubva 2005 zvinoshanda nemabhatiri kubva muna 2025. Asi vagadziri vazhinji vanoda kukiya mutengesi{7}}mukati.

Zvivako zvekugadzira patsva zvichiri kugadzira. Li-Cycle, Redwood Materials, nezvimwe zvinovaka zvirimwa zvakatsaurirwa zvelithium bhatiri. Ivo vanogona kudzoreredza 95%+ yezvinhu zvebhatiri. Asi hurongwa hwekuunganidza hunoramba huchinetsa{{6}vanhu vanokanda mabhatiri mumarara, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekurasirwa kwemarara.

Iyo BMS yakakosha asi isingaonekwe. Mune laptop, inotarisisa boka rega rega rega, inofungidzira yasara nguva yekumhanya, inodzora chiyero chekuchaja, inoshuma hutano hwebhatiri kune inoshanda sisitimu. Zvakanyanya kuoma kupfuura zvinonzwika.

Mamiriro-e{1}}yekufungidzira kubhadhariswa kwakaoma zvinoshamisa. Battery voltage correlates nechaji level, asi hukama hunosiyana nekupisa, mutoro, zera rebhatiri. BMS yakanaka inoshandisa maalgorithms akaoma kunzwisisa zvese izvi mukati. Ndosaka maperesenti ebhatiri refoni dzimwe nguva achisvetuka kana kudonha zvisingatarisirwi-chiyero chinogadziridzwa.

Kuenzanisa kwesero kune-mapaketi akawanda. Masero ega ega ane mutsauko mudiki. Panguva yekuchaja, BMS inogona kuvharidzira ikozvino kutenderedza maseru akazara kuti arege asina kusimba kubata. Passive balancing inobvisa simba sekupisa. Active balancing inotamisa simba pakati pemasero, anoshanda zvakanyanya asi anodhura.

Temperature management{{0}iyo BMS inoongorora tembiricha yeserura uye inogona kuderedza mitengo yechaji/kubuda kana zvinhu zvikanyanya kupisa. EVs ane sophisticated thermal manejimendi nekutonhora kwemvura. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinongotsamira pane zvinopisa zvinodzima.

Mitemo yekufambisa mashoko-machipi eBMS anotaura nemidziyo inoshandisa I2C, SMBus, CAN bhazi kana proprietary protocol. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvigadziriso zviratidze ruzivo rwebhatiri uye nekugonesa kushanda.

Zvishandiso zveindasitiri zvinosanganisa kutariswa kwebhatiri mune yakakura masisitimu. Imba yekuchengetera inogona kuteedzera mabhatiri ese forklift nechepakati, kuronga kuchaja uye kumisa mabhatiri anoda kutsiviwa. Kufanotaura kuchengetedza kwakavakirwa paBMS data.

Mabhatiri akasimba-ndiwo mabhatiri matsvene. Tsiva mvura electrolyte ine yakasimba ceramic kana polymer zvinhu. Zvinonzi hazvina njodzi-hapana mvura inobvira moto. Higher simba density zvinogoneka. Toyota inoti vachange vaine-mabhatiri ehurumende mumotokari panosvika 2027-2028. QuantumScape, Simba Rakasimba, vamwe vachigadzira tekinoroji. Asi kugadzira pamwero kunoramba kusati kwagadziriswa.

Sodium-mabhatiri eion anoshandisa munyu panzvimbo yelithium-zvakachipa, mutengo wakaderera. CATL yakazivisa mabhatiri esodium-ion ekutengesa muna 2021. Density yemagetsi yakaderera pane lithium ion, asi zvinotenderwa kuti zvigare zvagara. Northvolt ichivaka sodium-ion kugadzira muEurope.

Lithium{{0}sarufa nedzidziso inopa simba repamusoro-soro-kusvika pa500 Wh/kg maringe ne250 Wh/kg yelithium ion iripo. Asi hupenyu hwekutenderera hwave hunotyisa, kazhinji huchidzikisira mushure me50-100 cycles. Tsvakurudzo inoenderera mberi.

Lithium-mhepo (lithium-oxygen) mabhatiri ane zvakatokwirira zvekufungidzira-zvichida 1,000 Wh/kg. Asi ivo vachiri murabhoritari curiosities nematambudziko makuru anoshanda.

What Has Lithium Ion Batteries

Kwemakore mashanu-10 anotevera, zvakajairika lithium ion ichatonga. Kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kunoramba kuchiuya-zviri nani cathode zvinhu, silicon anode kutsiva graphite (inosimudzira simba 20-40%), kugadzira maitiro ekuvandudza kudzikisa mutengo.

Mari yebhatiri yakadzikira ingangoita makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2023, kubva pamadhora zviuru gumi nemazana mashanu/kWh kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi matatu/kWh pamabhatiri eEV. Izvozvo zvinoramba zvichienderera mberi, zvichida kurova $ 80-100 / kWh ne 2030. Pamitengo iyo, EVs inosvika pachiyero chemutengo nemotokari dzegesi pasina rubatsiro.

Cobalt kuderedzwa ndiyo inonyanya kutariswa. Cobalt migodhi ine zvine chekuita nekodzero dzevanhu uye njodzi dzekugovera cheni. Mabhatiri eNMC emazuva ano anoshandisa cobalt shoma pane maumbirwo ekare (NMC 811 ine 80% nickel, 10% manganese, 10% cobalt maringe nekare 1:1:1 ratios). LFP mabhatiri haana cobalt zvachose.

Silicon anodes iri kutengeswa ikozvino. Sila Nanotechnologies inopa silicon anode zvinhu kune akawanda anogadzira. Panasonic yakazivisa silicon anode mabhatiri ekugadzirwa. Tesla achishandisa imwe silicon mumasero avo kare. Izvi zvinowedzera simba 10-20% pasina kuchinja chimwe chinhu pamusoro pebhatiri.

Mubvunzo wekuti "chii chine lithium ion mabhatiri" ichava nemhinduro yakareba mumakore mashanu. Mamwe mapoka ezvigadzirwa zvinoenda nemagetsi. Mamwe maapplication uko lithium ion inobvisa ekare matekinoroji. Iyo tekinoroji yakakura nekukurumidza asi ichiri kuita nani.

Kunzwisisa kuti ndezvipi zvishandiso zvinoshandisa lithium mabhatiri zvinonyanya kukosha sezvo isu tichiunganidza akawanda awo. Mhuri zhinji dzava ne20-50 rechargeable zvishandiso. Kuziva zvaunazvo, nzira yekuzvichengeta, uye nguva yekuzvitsiva kunoita kuti mari iyoyo igare kwenguva refu uye iite zvirinani.