Chii chinonzi Battery Safety Protection?

Rega ndive akatendeseka pamberi: moto webhatiri watakaona muindastiri ino wanga usinganzwisisike. Vakanga vafanotaura. Mumwe munhu adarika chikamu chedziviriro kuti achengetedze madhora makumi mashanu, kana maneja wekutenga asarudza BMS yakachipa paAlibaba, kana-uye izvi zvinoitika kupfuura zvaungafunga-mushandisi weforklift akasiya chinhu ichi chichichajwa usiku hwose mushedhi isina mhepo inofefetera muchirimo.

Dziviriro yekuchengetedza bhatiri haisi imwe pfungwa yeinjiniya. Ndiko kuunganidzwa kwehardware, software, uye sarudzo dzekugadzira dzinochengeta $15,000 bhatiri paki yako kubva pakushanduka kuita $150,000 yekudaidzwa inishuwarenzi. Kana kuipa.

Isu tanga tichivaka LiFePO4 mapaketi ekubata zvinhu uye mota dzemaindasitiri kweanopfuura makore gumi ikozvino. Chinyorwa ichi ndicho chose chatinoshuvira kuti dai mumwe munhu atiudza patakatanga-pamwe chete nezvidzidzo zvishoma zvinodhura zvatakadzidza zvakaomarara.

Maindasitiri egiredhi prismatic maseru anoda akasimba ekutarisa masisitimu.

Nei LiFePO4 uye Nei Ichiri Kuda Dziviriro

Heino mubvunzo watinowana kubva kune vatengi nguva dzose: "Ndaifunga kuti lithium iron phosphate ndiyo yakachengeteka chemistry. Sei ndichida zvinhu izvi zvose zvekudzivirira?"

Fair point. LiFePO4 yakachengeteka zvechokwadi kupfuura NCM kana NCA. Iyo olivine crystal chimiro haiburitse okisijeni kana ichipisa, zvinoreva kuti haizovese moto wayo nenzira iyo ternary chemistries inogona. Takaita bvunzo dzekupinzwa kwezvipikiri pamaseru kubva kuvatengesi vashanu vakasiyana-Masero eLiFePO4 anowanzosvika 150 madhigirii ogara ipapo achiputa. NCM maseru muyedzo imwechete? Takaona 600℃+ uye moto chaiwo.

Asi "kuchengetedzeka" hakurevi "kuchengetedzeka." Takava nemutengi muna 2021-kambani yezvigadzirwa muGuangdong{10}}akafungidzira kuti LiFePO4 zvaireva kuti vaisada kutariswa tembiricha. Yakachengetwa pamwe 800 RMB pakiti. Ipapo Nyamavhuvhu akasvika, warehouse yakarova 45℃ambient, yekuchaja system yanga isina kupisa, uye vakaguma vava nemapaketi matatu akazvimba uye rimwe rakabuda. Hapana akakuvara, ndinoonga. Asi ivo zvino ndivo vatengi vedu vanonyanya kufarira kune yakazara-inoratidzirwa BMS.

Zvinhu Zvinonyatso Kukonzera Moto

Mushure mekuona akawanda ekutadza kwemunda (kwedu nevakwikwidzi '), hezvino izvo zvinonyanya kushata:

Kuchaja ndiko uko 70% yematambudziko anoitika.Haisi kuburitsa, kwete kuchengetedza{0}}kuchaja. Zvakananga:

• Kuchaja iri pasi pe 0℃pasina kudzivirirwa-kudzikama. Lithium mahwendefa pane anode pane kupindirana nemazvo. Iwe haugone kuzviona zvichiitika. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, yemukati pfupi dunhu, thermal runaway. Taive nemutengi muHarbin akadzidza iyi nzira inodhura.
• Kuwedzeredza nekuti chiyero cheBMS voltage chakadonha uye hapana akazviona. Masero akatemerwa 3.65V achisundwa kusvika ku3.8V kutenderera kwese. Inoshanda zvakanaka kwemwedzi mitatu, zvino rimwe zuva hazviiti.
• Chaja{{0}BMS yatadza kutaurirana. Charger inofunga bhatiri iri pa50% SOC, bhatiri riri pa95%. Yakazara ikozvino muinenge-pack yakazara. Nguva dzakaipa.

Kusaenzana kwesero kusina anotarisisa.Mupakeji ye16S, kana sero imwe iri 50mAh yakaderera pane mamwe, inorova 100% SOC paki isati yaita. Ramba uchichovha bhasikoro usingaenzanise, sero iro rinowaniswa nguva imwe neimwe. Takaona mapaketi achidzoka kune waranti apo sero rimwe raive pa 3.9V asi mamwe aigara pa 3.5V. Ndiwo moto wakamirira kuitika.

Kukuvadzwa kweMechanical kunokanganisa kuparadzanisa.Forklifts inowira muzvinhu. Ndizvo chete chokwadi. Kana kukanganiswa kwacho kuchikuvadza maseru mukati-kunyangwe kuongorora kwekunze kwakanaka-unokwanisa kunonoka kukabudura. Ichi ndicho chikonzero isu tichitarisa simbi macasings eforklift application, kwete aluminium. Hongu, zvinorema. Hongu, zvakakodzera.

Active Dziviriro: Kuchengeta Matambudziko kubva paKutanga

Iyo indasitiri inokamura izvi kuita "inoshanda" uye "passive" kudzivirira. Active zvinoreva kudzivirira zvinhu zvakaipa kuti zvisaitike. Passive zvinoreva kudzora kukanganisa kana zvikaitika zvakadaro.

Tanga nemasero pachawo

Inonzwika pachena, asi: tenga masero akanaka. Takaedza maseru kubva kune vatengesi makumi maviri vakasiyana mumakore apfuura. Kupararira kwemhando kunotyisa zvechokwadi. Same nominal specs, maitiro akasiyana zvachose pasi pekuyedzwa kwekushungurudzwa.

Chii chekutarisa kana uri kuongorora anindasitiri lithium bhatiri mutengesi:

• Kumbira mavhidhiyo ekuedzwa kwezvipikiri. Kwete mapepa{1}emavhidhiyo chaiwo. Masero akanaka anosvuta uye anoridza muridzo. Bad cells jet flame.
• Tarisa kuparadzanisa specs. Ceramic-yakavharidzirwa separators inobata kupisa kushushikana zviri nani. Takachinjira kuita ceramic-yakavharwa chete muna 2019 mushure mekunge batch yakashata yezviparadzanisa zvakonzera kukanganisa katatu muchikamu chimwe chete.
• Electrolyte additives inokosha. Flame retardant additives, overcharge protection additives-zvinhu izvi hazvisi kushambadzira, mutsauko uripakati pesero rinotadza kushanda zvakanaka nerinotadza kuita zvechisimba.

Takapedza makore maviri tichikodzera mutengesi wedu wesero. Akashanyira fekitari kana. Wakatarisa maitiro avo eQC. Basa rinobhowa asi ndosaka tichirara husiku.

Iyo BMS ndiyo huropi hwebhatiri, yekutarisa voltage, ikozvino, uye tembiricha.

BMS: uropi hunochengeta zvese zvipenyu

Ngativei chaiye-BMS inogona kuva chero chinhu kubva pa$15 single-chip solution kusvika ku$500 multi-board system ine redundancy. Unowana chaunobhadharira.

Zvinetso zvakachipa zveBMS zvatakaona:

• Voltage kuyerwa kwechiyero che ± 30mV. Pasero ine 100mV pakati pe "yakazara" uye "yakawandisa zvine njodzi," izvo hazvina kukwana.
• Hapana kuenzanisa kwesero, kana kuenzanisa chete. Passive balancing pa50mA inotora mavhiki chaiwo kugadzirisa kusaenzana kukuru.
• Imwe{{0}poindi{1}ye{2}}yakakundikana magadzirirwo. Imwe MOSFET inofa, paki yese haina kudzivirirwa.
• Hapana tembiricha sensors, kana sensor imwe yepakiti rese. Thermal gradients mukati me20kWh pack inogona kurova 15℃zviri nyore. Imwe sensor haina chainokuudza.

Chii chinoita BMS chaiyo:

• Inotarisa esero voltage yega yega. Kwete module-level, cell{2}}level.
• Kushanda kuenzanisa pamazuva ane chinangwa (tinomhanya 1A+ pamapakiti edu)
• Multiple tembiricha sensors ane chinzvimbo kutema
• Kunzwa kwazvino kwakaringana kuita kuverenga chaiko coulomb
• Kukurukurirana nechaja kuitira kudzivirira kwakabatana
• Hardware backup inobvisa yakazvimirira kubva kune huru processor

Musiyano wemutengo pakati peBMS yemarara uye yakakodzera inogona kunge iri $200-300 pane forklift pack. Paki inodhura madhora masere,000+. Forklift inoita $30,000+. Imba inochengeterwa zvinhu yayakagara inokosha...unoona kwairi kuenda.

Apo vatengi vanotikumbira mazano ekusarudza alithium bhatiri mugadziri, tinovaudza: bvunza nezve BMS. Kumbira kuona hurongwa. Kana vasingakuratidzi, ibvapo.

Kuchaja kudzora: panotangira moto wakawanda

Izvi takazvitaura kare asi zvinoramba zvichidzokororwa. Kuchaja kune njodzi.

Hezvino izvo zvinotaridzika zvekudzivirira kuchaja:

Tembiricha -yakabhadharwa pakuchaja.Pazasi 0℃? Usabhadharise, kana kubhadharisa panguva yakadzikiswa zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pe45 degree? Same deal. Izvi hazvisi zvekusarudza. Mapaki edu akajairwa haatombobvumi kubhadharisa pazasi -10 madhigirii -iyo BMS inongoramba kuvhara chinobatisa chaji.

Padivi pechiziviso: takava nevatengesi vanovimbisa vatengi "-20 dhigirii yekuchaja kugona" uyezve engineering inofanirwa kutsanangura kuti sei zvisiri kuitika. Lithium plating inonzi lithium plating. Fizikisi haina basa nekutengesa kwako chinangwa.

Voltage{{0}based termination with margin.Kana maseru akatemerwa 3.65V max, isu tinogumira pa 3.60V. Ehe, iwe unorasikirwa pamwe 2-3% inogona kushandiswa. Iwewo usaputika. Good tradeoff.

Passive Dziviriro: Kana Zvinhu Zvikashata zvakadaro

Tarisa, isu tinogona kuvaka akanakisa ekudzivirira masisitimu munyika uye zvinhu zvicharamba zvichikundikana. Rori inotyaira pamusoro pebhatiri pack yako. Mafashamo anobvisa magetsi. Mumwe munhu anofuratira yambiro yega yega uye anomanikidza kubhadharisa pa -30 dhigirii nekuti kuburitsa kunofanirwa kubuda.

Passive dziviriro ndeyekudzikamisa kukuvadzwa kana kuchengetedzwa kunoshanda kwatadza.

Thermal zvipingamupinyi

Pakati pemasero, pakati pemamodules, uye akatenderedza paki kunze. Chinangwa hachisi chekumisa kutiza kwemafuta-kana angotanga, anobva aenda. Chinangwa ndechekunonoka kuparadzira kuitira kuti uwane nguva yekuita.

Isu tinoshandisa musanganiswa weceramic fiber sheets pakati pemodule uye airgel magumbeze pamadziro emukati. Kwete zvakachipa. Asi kana sero rimwe raenda, maseru ari pedyo ane mamwe masekonzi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu asati arova tembiricha yakaoma. Iyo inowanzova nguva yakakwana yekudzvanyirira masisitimu kuti avhure kana kuti paki ibvise uye kubuda zvakachengeteka.

Kune chero munhu anotsvaga kubva kune aLiFePO4 bhatiri mhinduro mupi, bvunza nezve thermal barrier specs. Kana ivo vasingakwanise kukuudza iyo yekupisa conductivity uye kupokana kwekupokana kwezvinhu zvavo zvinodzivirira, iwo mureza mutsvuku.

Kudzima moto

Pakuisa-ukoshi hwepamusoro, unoda kudzvanyirirwa. Zvokudzimisa moto zvakajairwa hazvishande zvakanaka pamabhatiri e-lithium-moto uri mukati, unofambiswa nekudziya kwega-zvinoita kuti mvura irege kumira.

Takashanda nesppression systems dzinoshandisa perfluorohexanone-based agents. Vanotonhodza masero apo kemikari inopindira nekupisa. Haina kukwana, asi zvinoshamisa zvirinani pane kuedza kupfapfaidza CO2 pane yemukati kemikari reaction.

Kutaura chaiko asi: kudzvanyirira inzira yekupedzisira. Kana yako yekudzvinyirira system ikamisa, bhatiri rako rakatoparara. Uri kungoganhura collateral damage panguva iyoyo. Zvirinani kusambozvida.

Enclosure design

Mushonga unofanirwa kuita zvinhu zvakawanda:

• Iva nechero magasi ekufema uye woaendesa kure nevanhu
• Pukunyuka kushungurudzwa kwemagetsi (forklift mapaketi anodonha, anorohwa, anomhanya muzvinhu)
• Chengetedza IP rating kunyangwe mushure mekukanganisa
• Bvumira kupera kwekupisa panguva yekushanda kwakajairika paine kupisa panguva yezviitiko zvinopisa

Isu tinocherekedza simbi dzakavharirwa dzine yakanangwa nzira dzekufambisa kune ese edu forklift application. Nzira yemhepo ine basa-haudi gasi rinopisa zvikuru rinonangidzirwa kumushandisi kana pazvinhu zvinobvira moto.

Mhosva Kuongororwa: Kubata Matambudziko Asati Ava Moto

Ichi ndicho chikamu chinoparadzanisa zvakakomba mabhatiri masisitimu kubva kune zvakachipa.

-nguva chaiyo yekutarisisa inobata njodzi dzinokurumidza kuitika-kudonha kwemagetsi panguva yekuyerera kunoreva kuti chimwe chinhu chiri kupfupika; kukwira kwekushisa panguva yekuchaja zvinoreva kuti pane chakaipa. Izvi zvinoda mhinduro yekudzivirira nekukurumidza.

Asi zvakakosha zvinhu ndezvekuongorora maitiro. Sero rinogara richidziya 5 madhigirii kupfuura vavakidzani varo pamwe rakakwirisa mukati mekudzivirira. Hazvina ngozi nhasi. Zvichava mumwedzi mitanhatu. BMS yakanaka inoisa iyi data, inomira maitiro, uye inoita kuti uigadzirise panguva yakarongwa kugadzirisa pane panguva yekupisa moto.

Isu tinodhonza dhata pamwedzi pamidziyo yedu yese-yakatumirwa mapaketi. Isu takabata zvikanganiso zvekuvandudza kanokwana kakapetwa kaviri izvo zvingadai zvakave kutadza kwemunda kana zvikasateererwa. Paki imwe chete yairatidza sero rimwe chete richidonha 20mV kukwira pamusoro pemwedzi mitatu. Takaidhonza, ikatariswa, yakawana kushatiswa kwe{{5}stage kuparadzanisa. Yakatsiviwa module, paki ichiri kushanda zvakanaka makore maviri gare gare.

Kana uri kutaura nemunhu anogonalithium bhatiri OEM shamwari, bvunza nezve kugona kwavo kuongororwa. Kumbira kuti uone mishumo yedata data. Kana vasingakwanise kukuratidza ongororo yezvinoitwa uye data rekare rekugadzirisa, BMS yavo ingangove irikungoita zvekutanga kuongorora-zvinova zvishoma.

Zviyero uye Zvazvinonyatsoreva

UN38.3, IEC 62619, UL 1973-iwe uchaona izvi zvitupa kwese kwese. Hechino chokwadi chisina kugadzikana: kupfuudza aya zviyero zvinoreva kuti bhatiri rako rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma. Hazvirevi kuti zvakanaka.

Takaedza mapaketi emakwikwi aive nezvitupa asi akatadza bvunzo dzatinomhanyisa mumba-. Miyero iuriri, kwete sirin'i.

Izvo zvakati, kana mutengesi asingakwanise kukuratidza macerts aya, tiza. Iwo masiteki etafura. Usangofunga kuti chitupa chakaenzana nemhando.

Yedu yemukati bvunzo inodarika zvakajairwa zvinodiwa. Lower tembiricha miganhu. Kushungurudzwa kwakanyanya ikozvino. Kuwedzera kupisa kwebhasikoro. Tinoda kuziva kuti mapaketi edu anokundikana sei, kwete kuti anopasa bvunzo chaiyo.

Kune vatengi vanoda zvigadziriso-zvisina kujairika, mafomu chaiwo, kubatanidzwa nemasisitimu evaridzi{1}}vachishanda netsika lithium bhatiri mugadziriuyo anoita rudzi urwu rweyedzo yakawedzerwa anokodzera iyo premium. Setifiketi inokuudza kuti paki inosangana nekodhi. Kuyedzwa kwakawedzerwa kunokuudza kuti zvinonyatsoita sei mukushandisa kwako.

Zvatinonyatso Kukurudzira

Mushure mezvose izvi, chii chaunofanira kuita chaizvo kana iwe uchitsanangura mabhatiri ekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri?

Kutendeseka, indasitiri iyi yave nani mumakore mashanu apfuura. Patakatanga, hafu yemapaketi pamusika aive mabhomba enguva. Iye zvino vatengesi vazhinji vakakomba vari kuvaka masisitimu akachengeteka. Asi "kuchengetedzeka zvine mutsindo" kuchiri kusiya mukana werudzi rwemutengo-kutema kunokonzera moto. Basa rako nderekuona kuti ndevapi vatengesi vari kuita basa rinopesana nevari kungotarisa mabhokisi.

Kuchengetedzeka kwebhatiri hakuna kunaka. Hazviiti kushambadzira kwakanaka. Hapana munhu akambotenga forklift nekuti bhatiri raive neyakakura yekupisa inomhanya yekuparadzira kuramba.

Asi ita zvisizvo uye zvimwe zvese zvinomira zvine basa nekukurumidza. Takavaka mukurumbira wedu pamapakiti anongoshanda, gore negore, mumamiriro ezvinhu anouraya masisitimu akachipa. Ndizvo zvaunofanira kunge uchitsvaga mune chero mutengesi waunoongorora.

Mibvunzo? Isu tinogara tichifara kutaura kuburikidza nemashandisirwo chaiwo. Ndizvo zvatavinga pano.