Chii chinonzi Depth of Discharge?
Kudzika Kwekuburitsa (DoD) inoyera huwandu hwehuwandu hwebhatiri yakashandiswa maererano nehuwandu hwayo hwekuchengeta. Kune 100 Ah bhatiri rinoburitswa kusvika pa80 Ah, iyo DoD i80%.
Iyi metric inobata zvakananga kuti bhatiri rako richagara kwenguva yakareba sei uye kuti ingani simba rinoshandiswa rauinaro. Hukama hwakatwasanuka asi hwakakosha: DoD ndiyo inverse yeState of Charge (SoC), zvichireva sekuti mumwe anowedzera, imwe inodzikira.
Hukama Hwakakosha Pakati peDoD neBattery Capacity
Kuwanda kwebhatiri kunomiririra simba rose rinogona kuchengetwa nebhatiri kana razara, rinowanzoratidzwa mumaapere-maawa (Ah) kana kilowatt-maawa (kWh). Bhatiri re10 kWh rinobata 10 kilowatt-maawa emagetsi kana iri 100%.
Dambudziko nderekuti haugone kushandisa zvese zvakachengeteka. Apa ndipo apo DoD inova yakakosha. Kana mugadziri akakurudzira 80% DoD kune imwecheteyo 10 kWh bhatiri, unofanira kungoburitsa 8 kWh usati wachajisa kudzivirira kukuvadza maseru.
Kuverenga kuri nyore:
DoD (%)=(Yakabviswa Kukwanisa / Kukwana Kwese) × 100
Kana wakashandisa 6 kWh kubva pa8 kWh bhatiri, DoD yako i75%. Iyo 2 kWh yasara inomiririra yako SoC ye25%. Aya ma metrics maviri anogara achikwana 100% - iwo anopindirana kuyerwa kwechinhu chimwechete chinotaridzirwa kubva kune mamwe maonero.
Kunzwisisa musiyano uyu kunokosha nekuti kugona kunokuudza zvaunazvo, nepo DoD ichikuudza kuti yakawanda sei yaunogona kushandisa zvakachengeteka pasina kupfupisa hupenyu hwebhatiri.
Akasiyana Battery Chemistries Bata Discharge Depth
Battery chemistry inotarisisa kuti kwakadzika kwaungaite kuburitsa pasina kukuvadza. Misiyano yacho inoshamisa uye inokanganisa zvese mashandiro uye hupfumi.
Lead-Mabhatiri Easidhi
Traditional lead{0}mabhatiri ane acid ane anoganhurira DoD inogumira. Vazhinji vagadziri vanokurudzira kugara pa kana pasi pe50% DoD kuitira hupenyu hwakakwana. Bvisa kunze kwechikumbaridzo ichi uye iwe unoisa pangozi yekusingaperi sulfation kukuvara kune mahwendefa.
Bhatiri relead{{0}asidhi rakapihwa 200-300 macycles pa50% DoD rinounza macycle mashoma kana richigara richibudiswa kusvika pa80%. Iyo grid corrosion, inoshanda kupera simba, uye yakanaka yekuwedzera kweplate inomhanyisa zvinoshamisa nekudzika kwakadzika. Tembiricha inosanganisa nyaya iyi - mabhatiri anoshanda pamusoro pemakore makumi matatu zera nekukurumidza kana akadzimwa zvakanyanya.
Lithium-Mabhatiri eIon
Lithium-tekinoroji yeion inopa kushivirira kuri nani kweDoD. Mabhatiri eLithium-emazuva ano anowanzo tsigira 80-100% DoD, ane masisitimu akawanda emhando yepamusoro akatemerwa kuti apedze kubuda.
The advantage is quantifiable. Apo bhatiri relead{{1}asidhi ine 50% inogona kushandiswa inoda zvakapetwa kaviri kuti ikwane simba rinodiwa, lithium-bhatiri reion rine 80-100% DoD rinopa huwandu hwaro hwakayerwa huzere sesimba rinoshandiswa.
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4)
LiFePO4 mabhatiri anomiririra iyo yazvino nhanho yeDoD performance. Nepo tekinoroji ichikwanisa 100% DoD, vagadziri vazhinji vanokurudzira kudzikisira kuburitsa kusvika 80-90% kuwedzera hupenyu hwekutenderera.
Musiyano unoshanda wakakura. LiFePO4 mabhatiri anogona kuunza 5,000+ macycles pa80% DoD. Pa100% DoD, kemisitiri yebhatiri imwe cheteyo inodonha kusvika kunosvika 2,000-3,000 macycles. Nekushanda pa10% DoD, hupenyu hwekutenderera hunogona kudarika 14,000 cycles - kuratidza hukama hweexponential pakati pekudzika kwekubuda uye hupenyu hurefu.
Tsvagiridzo paLiFePO4 yeSimba Batterymaapplication anoratidza maseru aya anochengetedza yakanakisa kugona kunyangwe pasi pemamiriro ekuda. Kana DoD ikaganhurirwa ku10-70%, mabhatiri anodzikisira zvishoma pane ayo anofambiswa kubva pa0-100%, nekuchengetedza simba kunoramba kwakasimba kunyangwe pa60℃.
Iyo Yakakosha Impact yeDoD pane Cycle Hupenyu
Hupenyu hwekutenderera - kuwanda kwechaji-kuburitswa kwebhatiri simba risati radzikira pasi pe80% yepakutanga - iine hukama hwakasiyana neDoD. Kuyerera kwakadzika kunoreva mashoma akazara kutenderera, asi hukama hahuna mutsara.
The Mathematics of Degradation
Kudzikira kwebhatiri kunotevera inonzi nevaongorori "capacity turnover" musimboti. Bhatiri rakatenderedzwa pa100% DoD rinogona kuunza mazana matatu kusvika mazana mashanu macycle. Iro bhatiri rimwe chete pa50% DoD raigona kuwana 1,000-1,500 ma cycles. Pa20% DoD, iyo cycle count inogona kusvika 2,000-5,000 zvichienderana nemakemikari.
Simba rese rinobuda - muzvikamu zvakapetwa neDoD - rinoramba riripo mukati memaitiro anoshanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bhatiri rinounza mazana mashanu kutenderera pa100% DoD inopa simba rakafanana rehupenyu hwese semunhu ari kuendesa 2,000 cycle pa25% DoD.
Kumabhatiri e lithium-ion chaizvo, data rinoratidza kuvandudzika kukuru nekungobuda zvishoma. A cobalt{{2}based lithium-ion cell inogona kubudirira:
300-500 kutenderera pa100% DoD
1,200-1,500 kutenderera pa80% DoD
2,000-2,500 kutenderera pa50% DoD
4,000-6,000 kutenderera pa25% DoD
15,000+ macycles pa10% DoD
Nei Kudzika Kunokosha Kupfuura Zvaunofunga
Kushungurudzika kunokonzerwa nekudzika kwekuyerera kunokanganisa maitiro akawanda ekuderedza panguva imwe chete. Sezvo DoD ichiwedzera, kuramba kwemukati kunokwira, maelectrodes anowedzera kushushikana kwemagetsi kubva pakuwedzera uye kuputika, uye kemikari yemativi maitiro anowedzera.
Kune NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminium) Simba Battery masero anoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi, tsvakiridzo inoratidza hupamhi hwenguva yekuburitsa zvinhu zvakanyanya kupfuura miganhu yakazara. Kuchovha bhasikoro pakati pe10-70% DoD inogadzira kudzikira kwakaderera pane kuchovha bhasikoro kubva pa0-100%, kunyangwe ese ari maviri achimiririra 60% yekuburitsa masanji.
Sezvineiwo, kuLFP neNCM chemistries, pesvedzero yeDoD inoita seisina kududzirwa kana ichienzaniswa netembiricha uye kutenderera frequency, zvichiratidza kuti machemistries emazuva ano anopa kuchinjika mukutonga kwekuburitsa.
Inoshanda DoD Management Strategies
Kugadzirisa DoD zvinobudirira kunoda ese ari maviri tekinoroji masisitimu uye mashandiro ekuranga. Chinangwa ndechekuenzanisa hunogona kushandiswa maererano nehupenyu hurefu uye mutengo.
Battery Management System Kubatanidzwa
Mazuva ano Battery Management Systems (BMS) inoshingairira kutonga DoD kuburikidza neakaomesesa algorithms. Masisitimu aya anoramba achitarisa magetsi emagetsi, aripo, tembiricha, uye fungidziro yeSoC kudzivirira kupfuura{1}}kubuda.
BMS inodzivirira kukuvadzwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akawanda:
Voltage monitoring inobata maseru ari kusvika padiki voltage maburi
Ikozvino kubatanidzwa (coulomb counting) inoteedzera kuyerera kwesimba nehupamhi hwepamusoro
Kalman mafirita anosanganisa voltage uye yazvino data yechokwadi SoC fungidziro
Cutoff controls inobvisa mitoro kana DoD miganho yasvikwa
Kumashandisirwo eBhatiri reMasimba mumotokari dzemagetsi, iyo BMS inowanzo rambidza iyo inogona kushandiswa kusvika 10-90% SoC (80% DoD) kuchengetedza maseru. Iyi buffer zone inova nechokwadi chekuti masero haambosvika zvakanyanya kudzika voltages izvo zvingakonzeresa kukuvara kusingadzoke.
Mashandisirwo-Zvakanyanyofungwa
Makesi ekushandisa akasiyana anoda nzira dzakasiyana dzeDoD:
Solar Energy Storage:Masisitimu anowanzo saizi mabhangi emabhangi kudzikamisa zuva nezuva DoD kusvika 20-30%, ine yakanyanya mwaka DoD ye50-60%. Iyi nzira yekuchengetedza inowedzera hupenyu hwemakore makumi maviri inotarisirwa kubva kune izvi zvigadziriso. Bhangi rebhatiri rinowedzera nemaune maererano nezvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva.
Mota dzemagetsi:MaEV emazuva ano anogadzirisa chiyero chakapfava. Iyo inoratidzwa 0-100% renji inowanzomiririra 10-90% yeiyo chaiyo cell cell. Iyi 80% inoshandiswa DoD inochengetedza bhatiri uku ichipa inoshanda renji. Vamwe vagadziri, kunyanya avo vanoshandisa masero eLFP, vanobvumira kubhadharisa nguva dzose kuratidza 100% nekuti makemikari ari pasi anoshivirira.
Mobile Robots uye AGVs:Aya masisitimu anoisa pamberi pekushanda nguva. Iyo BMS inonangana 20-80% SoC (60% DoD) yenguva dzose mashandiro, nekudzika kwakadzika kunobvumidzwa chete panguva yakawedzerwa mishoni. Precise SoC tracking inogonesa marobhoti kufamba achidzokera kumachiteshi ekuchaja asati asvika pamazinga akakosha.
Grid{{0}Chikero Chekuchengetedza:Yakakura BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) inowanzoshanda muchidimbu cheDoD (30-50%) kuti iwedzere kuverenga kutenderera pamusoro pemakore gumi-15 ekushanda. Ihwo hupfumi hunofarira hupenyu hurefu pamusoro pekutora huwandu hwepamusoro pamutambo.
Optimal DoD Ranges neKushandisa
Tsvagiridzo uye data remumunda zvakagadzira nhungamiro inoshanda:
Consumer Electronics:20-80% SoC (60% DoD) inowedzera chiyero chinoshanda pakati pekugona uye hupenyu
Mota dzemagetsi:10-90% SoC (80% DoD) inopa yakaringana huwandu uku uchivimbisa 8-10 gore rehupenyu hwebhatiri.
Solar Storage:20-50% zuva nezuva DoD neapo neapo akadzika matenderedzwa ekuchengetedza mwaka
Industrial Applications:30-70% DoD yemaapplications anoda 5,000+ macycles
Emergency Backup:Yakachengetwa pa90-100% SoC (yakaderera DoD) kusvika yadiwa, yobva yaburitswa sezvinodiwa.
Tembiricha uye DoD: A Compounding Effect
Tembiricha haingokanganisa kushanda kwebhatiri - inosandura DoD-ku-kutenderera-hukama hwehupenyu. Kupisa kwepamusoro kunowedzera kuderera pane chero DoD, asi mhedzisiro yacho inosanganiswa zvakanyanya nekudzika kwakadzika.
Mashoko anoratidza kuti lithium-ion bhatiri rakachengetwa pa25 degrees rinorasikirwa nekufamba kwenguva. Pa 40 dhigirii, kurasikirwa kwesimba kunowedzera nechikamu che4-6x. Paunowedzera kudzika kwakadzika kutenderera (80-100% DoD) pane yakakwira tembiricha, kudzikisira kunogona kuita 10-15x nekukurumidza kupfuura kudzika kutenderera pane tembiricha ine mwero.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero masisitimu ekutonga kwemafuta mumotokari dzemagetsi achishingairira kutonhorera mabhatiri panguva yekuchaja nekukurumidza uye zvinorema zvinoburitsa zviitiko. Chinangwa hachisi chekungobata tembiricha yekukurumidza - ndeye kudzivirira kudzikisira kunoitika kana DoD yakakwira uye tembiricha yakakwira zvasangana.
Kumaapplications ekuchengetedza akamira, kuchengetedza mabhatiri ari mugumi neshanu-25 madhigirii uku uchiganhurira DoD kusvika pa50-60% kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kubva pa5,000 macycles kusvika ku10,{5}} cycles - zvinobudirira zvakapetwa kaviri hupenyu hunobatsira hwesystem.
Economic Implications yeDoD Selection
Iko kuverenga kwemari kwakatenderedza DoD kunosanganisira mitengo yepamberi maringe nekukosha kwehupenyu. Bhatiri sisitimu yakaenzana ye50% DoD inodhura zvakapetwa kaviri kumberi senge saizi imwe ye100% DoD kuendesa yakaenzana inogona kushandiswa. Asi iyo 50% DoD system ingangogara 3-4x kureba.
Heino muenzaniso wehupfumi wakareruka:
Scenario A:100 kWh yakayerwa kugona, 100% DoD inobvumirwa
Kugona kushandiswa: 100 kWh
Kutenderera hupenyu: 2,000 cycles
Simba rehupenyu hwese: 200,000 kWh
Mutengo: $50,000
Mutengo pakWh pakutenderera: $0.25
Mamiriro ezvinhu B:200 kWh yakayerwa kugona, 50% DoD muganho
Kugona kushandiswa: 100 kWh (zvakafanana)
Hupenyu hwemabhasikoro: 5,000 kutenderera
Simba rehupenyu hwese: 500,000 kWh
Mutengo: $100,000
Mutengo pakWh pakutenderera: $0.20
Iyo 50% DoD nzira inodhura zvakapetwa kaviri pakutanga asi inopa makumi maviri muzana mutengo wakaderera pachikamu chesimba pamusoro pehupenyu hwese system. Kuverenga uku kunonatsiridza zvakare kana uchigadzira mukutsiva mutengo, kuderera, uye kugadzirisa.
Kune zvekutengesa zvikumbiro, iyo payback calculation inoenderana zvakanyanya nebasa cycle. Kukwirisa-kutenderera bhasikoro (kutenderera kwakawanda pazuva) kunofarira zvikuru miganhu yeDoD inochengetedza. Zvikumbiro zvine bhasikoro zvisingaite zvinogona kushivirira kuyerera kwakadzika pasina chirango chakakosha chehupfumi.
Chaiyo{{0}World DoD Performance Data
Dhata remumunda kubva kumasisitimu akaiswa rinopa kusimbiswa kwakakosha kwekufembera kwerabhoritari. Ongororo yemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi yakaratidza kuti vatyairi vanogara vachichaja kusvika ku100% uye vachiburitsa pazasi 20% (80%+ DoD) vakawana 15-20% nekukurumidza kuderera kwesimba pane avo vanochengeta 20-80% yekuchaja mahwindo (60% DoD).
Solar storage installs inoratidza mapatani akafanana. Masisitimu akarongerwa 30% zuva nezuva DoD avhareji 7,500 cycles asati asvika 80% kugona, nepo ayo aigara achichovha bhasikoro kusvika 60% DoD akasvika pamwechete degradation point pama 4,200 cycles - anenge achinyatsoenderana neyakafanotaurwa 2:1 reshiyo.
Sezvineiwo,-data repasi rose rinoratidza kuti pano neapo mvura yakadzika inokonzera kukuvadza kushoma pane kungogara uchichovha bhasikoro. Bhatiri system inoshanda pa30% DoD 90% yenguva asi nguva nenguva ichiburitsa ku80% DoD inochengetedza hupenyu hwekutenderera padyo ne30% DoD yekutanga. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mabhatiri anogona kushivirira zviitiko zvenguva nenguva zvekushushikana chero bedzi kushanda kwemaitiro kuchiramba kwakachengetedza.
Yepamberi DoD Optimization Techniques
Sophisticated bhatiri manejimendi nzira dzinofamba kupfuura static DoD miganho yakanangana ine simba optimization zvichienderana nezvakawanda zvinhu.
Adaptive DoD Control
Yemazuvano mashandisirwo eBMS anogadzirisa inotenderwa DoD zvichienderana nezera rebhatiri uye hutano. Bhatiri idzva rinogona kubvumira 80% DoD, asi sezvo State of Health (SoH) inoderera kusvika 90%, sisitimu inongodzora DoD ku70% kuchengetedza inogamuchirika kutenderera hupenyu mukati menguva yese yekushanda.
Iyi nzira yekuchinja inokwidziridza-hukwanisi hwehupenyu uku uchidzora kuchembera zvakanaka, uchiwedzera hupenyu hunobatsira ne20-30% kana zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro eDoD akaiswa.
State of Charge Window Optimization
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti chinzvimbo chehwindo rekuburitsa chine basa sehupamhi hwayo. Kuchovha bhasikoro pakati-chikamu (40-60% SoC, kana 20% DoD iri pakati pe50% charge) kunoburitsa kushushikana kudiki pane kuchovha bhasikoro pakunyanyisa, kunyangwe paDoD yakaenzana.
Semuyenzaniso:
Kuchovha 80-100% SoC kusvika 0-20% SoC (80% DoD): Kunyanya kushushikana
Cycling 90-50% SoC kusvika 10-50% SoC (80% DoD, iri pakati pe50%): Kuderera kushushikana
Izvi zvinoitika nekuti lithium-maseru eion anonzwa kushushikana kukuru pamazinga eSoC akakwira zvakanyanya uye akaderera. Kushanda munzvimbo yakasununguka yepakati kunoderedza kushushikana kwemagetsi pama electrode uye kunoderedza kusada kudivi kuita.
Predictive DoD Kuronga
Gridhi{{0}akabatana masisitimu ane fungidziro yekuda mapatani anogona kunyatsogadzirisa miganhu yeDoD. Kana maalgorithms akafanotaura mazuva matatu akatevedzana ekuda kubuda kwakanyanya, sisitimu inogona kudzora DoD pamazuva apfuura kuchengetedza hupenyu hwekutenderera kune yakanyanya-nguva yekushushikana iri mberi.
Mamodheru ekudzidza nemichina anoongorora mafambiro ekare, mamiriro ekunze, uye masaini egidhi kuti agadzirise kutengeserana-pakati pekutumira simba nekuchengetedza bhatiri munguva chaiyo-.
DoD Measurement uye Monitoring
Kutsunga chaiko kweDoD kunoda fungidziro yeSoC chaiyo - pachayo idambudziko rakaoma. Nzira nhatu dzekutanga dziripo:
Voltage{{0}Based Estimation
Battery voltage correlates neSoC, ichibvumira kuyerwa kwevoltage kufungidzira nhanho yekuchaja. Zvisineyi, hukama uhwu hahunei-nemutsetse uye chemistry-inotsamira. LiFePO4 mabhatiri anochengetedza akati sandara voltage mhiri kwe10-90% SoC, ichiita kuti voltage yega ive isina kukwana kune chaiyo DoD kutsunga mune ino chemistry.
Voltage{{0}inoenderana nzira dzinoshanda zvakanyanya pakunyanyisa (izere kana kuti isina chinhu) apo magetsi anochinja zvakanyanya pachikamu chekuchinja kwesimba.
Coulomb Counting
Kubatanidza kuyerera kwezvino nekufamba kwenguva kunopa kuyerwa kwakananga kwechaji inotamiswa. Kana bhatiri richitanga pa100% SoC uye richiburitsa makumi matatu Ah, unoziva bhatiri iri makumi matatu Ah rinoburitswa kubva pazere.
Dambudziko iri kukanganisa kukanganisa. Zviyero zvidiki zvisina kururama zvinosanganisirwa pamusoro pezviuru zvematenderedzwa. Periodic recalibration kuburikidza nekuzara kwechaji/kuburitsa kana voltage-based correction inodzivirira kukukurwa.
Muenzanisi-Yakavakirwa Kufungidzira
Yepamberi algorithms inosanganisa voltage, yazvino, tembiricha, uye bhatiri modhi kufungidzira SoC zvine simba. Kalman mafirita uye maitiro akafanana anosanganisa akawanda data masosi, achiramba achinatsa fungidziro sezvo zviyero zvitsva zvinosvika.
Nzira idzi dzinowana ±2-3% kunyatsoita basa renguva-chaiyo, zvichigonesa kudzora kweDoD kunyangwe mukuda maapplication ane mitoro yakasiyana uye tembiricha.
Common DoD Misconceptions
Zvakawanda zvinotendwa zvakapararira nezveDoD hazvirambe zvichiongororwa:
"Mabhatiri eLithium anoda nguva nenguva akazara ekuburitsa"- Nhema. Kusiyana nenickel{{2}mabhatiri akavakirwa, lithium-masero eion haana ndangariro. Kuyerera kwakazara kunowedzera kushushikana pasina kubatsirwa. Nguva nenguva kudzokororwa kwegeji yemafuta kungangoda kutenderera kwakazara, asi bhatiri pacharo hariride.
"DoD yepamusoro nguva dzose inoreva kukosha kuri nani"- Kwete hazvo. Nepo kuburitsa huwandu hwese kutenderera kunoratidzika kunge kunoshanda, iyo kukurumidza kudzikisira kunowanzo ramba mukana. Iyo yakakwana yehupfumi DoD inoenderana nekutenderera frequency, kutsiva mutengo, uye kushanda zvinodiwa.
"Mabhatiri ese emakemikari akafanana ane hunhu hweDoD"- Nhema. Kugadzira mhando, sero dhizaini, uye magadzirirwo emagetsi zvinogadzira mutsauko wakakura kunyangwe mukati mechikamu chimwe chete chemakemikari. Gara uchirevera zvirevo zvemugadziri kwete generic chemistry nhungamiro.
"DoD inongoreva hupenyu hwekutenderera"- Hazvina kunaka. Kuyerera kwakadzika kunokanganisa kuchengetedza, kugona kwesimba, kugona kuburitsa simba, uye kuchembera kwekarenda. Bhatiri rinoramba richibudiswa kusvika pa100% DoD rinogona kugadzira zvikabudura zvemukati kana kuti zvinopisa zvakaparadzana nezviri nyore-kuderera kwekuverenga.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peDoD neSoC?
DoD uye SoC masvomhu anozadzisa. DoD inoyera huwandu hwehuwandu hwawakashandisa (isina tangi), nepo SoC inoyera kuti ingani yasara (mafuta geji). Ivo nguva dzose vanosvika 100%. Bhatiri pa70% SoC ine DoD ye30%.
Ndinogona kuburitsa bhatiri rangu zvakachengeteka ku100% DoD?
Izvo zvinoenderana nekemikari yebhatiri uye zvakatemwa zvemugadziri. Mabhatiri emazuva ano eLiFePO4 anogona kubata 100% DoD, asi achiganhurira kusvika pa80-90% anowedzera hupenyu. Lead{{8}mabhatiri easidhi haafanire kudarika 50% DoD. Lithium-ion masero anosiyana asi anowanzo kushivirira 80-100% DoD. Gara uchitarisa kune chaiyo chigadzirwa dhatabheti.
DoD inokanganisa sei Simba reBattery kuita mumotokari dzemagetsi?
Mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa masisitimu eBMS akaomesesa kubata DoD mukati menzvimbo dzakachengeteka (kazhinji 10-90% yehukuru hwesero). Iyo inoratidzwa "100%" yekuchaja kazhinji inomiririra inosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana echokwadi chiyero, ichidzivirira bhatiri kubva kune yakanyanyisa yakakwirira uye yakaderera SoC mamiriro. Iyi inogoneswa nzira yeDoD inogonesa 1,500-2,000 kutenderera kwehupenyu hwemotokari, inoenderana ne150,000-300,000 mamaira ekutyaira zvichienderana nehukuru hwebhatiri uye maitiro ekutyaira.
DoD ine basa nemabhatiri ari mukuchengetedza?
Hongu, asi zvakasiyana. Mabhatiri ari mukuchengetedza pasina kuchovha bhasikoro anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pa40-60% SoC (yakaderera DoD kubva pakuchajiswa kukuru) kuderedza kuchembera kwekarenda. Kuchaja kwakazara (0% DoD) uye kuburitsa kuzere (100% DoD) zvese zvinomhanyisa kurasikirwa kwesimba panguva yekuchengetera, kunyanya patembiricha yakakwira.
