Bhatiri re AGVSarudzo Yekutungamira: Voltage, Kugona & Kuchaja Zvinodiwa
Mumakore matatu apfuura, takaona mamwe mapurojekiti eAGV achiwana kusarudzwa kwebhatiri zvisiri izvo. Kwete nekuti vatengi vanoshaya ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, asi nekuti iyo spec sheets vanopa vanopa haina basa pakuita sarudzo chaidzo. Mabhatiri maviri akanyorwa 48V 100Ah, rimwe rinodhura zvakapetwa katatu pane rimwe. Chii chakasiyana? Ndizvo zviri maererano negwara iri.
Voltage Selection
Mutengesi wako weAGV anoti mota inoda 48V, saka unoenda kunotenga mabhatiri e48V. Zvinoita sezviri nyore. Hazvisizvo.
Basic physics kutanga.
Simba rakaenzana nevoltage nguva dzazvino. Kuburitsa 5000W, 48V system inodhonza 104A, 36V system inodhonza 139A, 24V system inodhonza 208A. Yepamusoro ikozvino inoreva tambo dzakakora, kukurumidza kubata kana kupfeka, kupisa kwakawanda mumakonitani. Kushandisa 24V kwaungashandisa 48V kuri kubvunza dambudziko munzira.
Asi mapurojekiti chaiwo haasi nyore kudaro. Takaita purojekiti yekuchengetedza inotonhora gore rapfuura, pakutanga yaifungidzirwa 48V LFP. Panguva yekuyedzwa, kuramba kwemukati kwakawedzera mukutonhora, kudzivirira kwekuchaja kwakaramba kuchikonzera. Chinja ku36V. Zvishoma kushanda pamapepa, asi akavimbika. Munzvimbo dzefriji, kuvimbika kunokunda kushanda zvakanaka nguva dzese.
Mitemo yangu yekusarudza voltage:
24V
24V inoshanda kune sub-500kg mitoro, pasi pe2kW simba rinodiwa, mabhajeti akasimba. Kutendeseka isu hatiwanzo kurudzira 24V zvakare kunze kwekunge vatengi vanyatso kukumbira.
48V
48V inovhara yakawanda yekuchengetera AGVs. Inobata 1 kusvika 2.5 toni mitoro, yakakura yekuchaja zvivakwa, yakakura kwazvo kusarudzwa kwemupi. Default sarudzo kana pasina chakakosha chiri kuitika.
72V+
72V uye 80V yemaforklift anorema, midziyo yechiteshi, kutakura kunze. Samsung SDI yakavaka 94V sisitimu yegumi-toni yemagetsi forklifts inofungidzirwa kuti inoenderana nedhiziri (iyo kubva pawebhusaiti yavo, handina kuzviedza ini, asi rekodhi rekodhi reSamsung munzvimbo ino yakasimba).
Kugona: Wese Munhu Anoziva Iyo Formula, Hapana Anoziva Kwekupinzwa Nekupinza
The Formula
Kugona (Ah)=Simba (W) × Nguva yekushanda (maawa) ÷ Voltage (V) ÷ Kunyatsoshanda
Kubudirira: 0.95 ye lithium, 0.85 ye lead acid.
Dambudziko ndere "simba" nhamba. Vatengesi veAGV vanokupa "zvakajairwa mamiriro" zvichireva kuti pasi pasi, mitoro yakajairwa, hapana kazhinji inotanga uye kumira. Real warehouses ane ramps, overloading, peak maawa nekuenderera mberi kwekushanda. Kudhirowa kwesimba chaiko kunogona kumhanya 50% kukwira kupfuura nhamba dzemapepa.
Zvatinoita: bvunza mutengesi weAGV nhamba nhatu. Simba rekufamba rwendo risina kutakurwa, simba rekukwira, simba repamusoro. Wobva wafungidzira huremu hweavhareji zvichienderana nemakwara chaiwo emutengi. Kana mutengesi achingokwanisa kupa imwe isina kujeka "avhareji simba" nhamba, ini ndinowedzera ne1.3 ndisati ndaverenga.
Zvekureva, JD Logistics yakaburitsa data paAsia No.1 smart warehouses. MaDilang AGVs avo anotakura 500kg, anomhanya maawa matanhatu kusvika mapfumbamwe akaiswa pamaseru anounzwa kunze kwenyika, anotsigira 50A yekuchaja inokurumidza inopera mumaminitsi makumi matatu (mabviro: JD Logistics technical zvinyorwa). Pa48V, 50A kuchaja zvinoreva huwandu hwebhatiri pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pe40Ah ne60Ah. Izvo zvine musoro kune 500kg mutakuri. Kana mota yako ikatakura zvakawanda kana kufamba makwara akareba, wedzera huwandu zvinoenderana.
Chemistry: LFP, NMC, LTO Imwe neimwe Iine Nzvimbo Yayo
Matatu e lithium chemistries anotonga musika weAGV. Heano maonero angu:
LFP (lithium iron phosphate)
Sarudzo chaiyo ye90% yemapurojekiti. Hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera, yakanaka kuchengetedza mbiri, mitengo yadzika zvakanyanya. CATL neBYD vanoita masero eLFP akavimbika ane macheni ekupa. Kunze kwekunge uine chikonzero chaicho chekusarudza chimwe chinhu, default kuLFP.
NMC (nickel manganese cobalt)
Yakakwira simba density kupfuura LFP, asi ipfupi kutenderera hupenyu uye yakakwirira yekupisa yekutiza njodzi. Funga nezveNMC chete kana bhatiri rako reAGV rakanyanya kudiki kuti rikwane vhoriyamu yeLFP yaunoda. Ini pachangu handifarire NMC munzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu. Kana kupisa kunotiza kunoitika, iwe unorasikirwa neyose yekuchengetera yakakosha yezvinyorwa, kwete iyo AGV chete.
LTO (lithium titanate)
Nyaya inokosha. Kuwanda kwesimba ihafu yeLFP (yakaderera chaizvo), asi kumhanya kwekuchaja kwakanyanyisa (5C haina dambudziko, kuchaja yakazara mumaminetsi gumi nemaviri), hupenyu hwekutenderera hwakanyanyisa (15000+ kutenderera), kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze kwakanyanya (kunoshanda paminus 30℃). Mutengo zvakare wakanyanyisa. Mamiriro maviri ekuti LTO ine musoro: kuenderera mberi 24/7 kushanda nemahwindo ekuchaja maminetsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu, kana nharaunda inotonhora ine tembiricha yakaderera-zero. Kana purojekiti yako inokodzera chero mamiriro ezvinhu, mutengo wepamusoro weLTO unoruramiswa.
| Type | Energy Density | Cycles | Specs |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFP | 90 kusvika 160 Wh/kg | 2000 kusvika 5000 | Inobata 1C yekuchaja yakanaka, inoshanda pasi kusvika ku minus 20 degree, mutengo uri pakati nepakati. |
| NMC | 150 kusvika 220 Wh/kg | 1000 kusvika 2000 | Ngwarira pamusoro pe1C kuchaja, avhareji yekutonhora kuita, mutengo wakakwira. |
| LTO | 50 kusvika 80 Wh/kg | 15000 kusvika 20000 | Inobata 5C kuchaja, inoshanda paminus 30 degree, mutengo wakakwira zvakanyanya. |
Same LFP Chemistry, Yakasiyana Kugona: Maitiro Ekusarudza
Vanhu vanobvunza izvi kakawanda. Vazhinji vatengesi havazvitsananguri zvakanaka nekuti vanoda kuti utenge yakakura (yepamusoro margin).
Kukura kunogara kuri nani here? Aihwa.
Matambudziko makuru ekugona
Kutanga, uremu.A 100Ah LFP paki inorema kutenderera 45kg, 200Ah inorema 85kg. Iyo yekuwedzera 40kg inogona kucheka mubhadharo wemubhadharo kana kuwedzera simba rekushandisa parwendo.
Chechipiri, kuchaja nguva.Pa0.5C, 100Ah inotora maawa maviri, 200Ah inotora maawa mana.
Chetatu,kana kuchinja kwega kwega kuchingoshandisa makumi matatu muzana ebhatiri, 70% yemasero iwayo anogara pakakwirira zuva rega rega, achimhanyisa kukwegura kwekarenda.
Zvinetso zvidiki zvekugona
Matambudziko madiki ekutakura ari pachena: nguva pfupi yekufamba, njodzi yemotokari dzinofa pakati-kusimuka kana chirongwa chekuchaja chatsvedza.
Saizi yangu musimboti
Ratidza kuti isimba rakawanda sei rinoshandiswa nemotokari pakati pemikana yekuchaja, wobva wasarudza huwandu saka uri kushandisa 60% kusvika 70% yepakiti kutenderera kwega kwega. Haina kudzika zvakakwana kusimbisa maseru, isina kudzika zvakakwana kutambisa mari pane isina kushandiswa.
Muenzaniso: AGV inogona kuchaja maawa mana ega ega, avhareji yekushandisa simba 800W. Maawa mana pa800W ndeye 3200Wh. Pa48V ndiyo 67Ah. A 100Ah pack inoreva 67% kushandiswa kwese kutenderera. Ndiyo nzvimbo inotapira. A 150Ah paki yaizongoshandisa makumi mana neshanu muzana kutenderera, kutambisa capital pamaseru asiri kuwana chengetedzo.
DOD uye Cycle Hupenyu: Ruzivo urwu Ruchakuchengetera Mari
DOD zvinoreva Kudzika Kwekubuda. Kukanganisa kwayo hupenyu hwebhatiri kwakakura kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji.
Battery University (batteryuniversity.com) yakaburitsa bvunzo data ini ndichataura zvakananga:
Maseru eLFP akatenderedzwa pa100% DOD anosvika makumi masere muzana ekutenderera mazana matanhatu. Masero mamwechete akatenderera pa40% DOD anogara pamusoro pe3000 mitsetse. Bhatiri rimwechete, kuchovha bhasikoro kunopa simba rakawanda rakapetwa kakati wandei muhupenyu hwayo kupfuura kuchovha bhasikoro.
Izvi zvinorevei chaizvoizvo? Zvirinani kutenga yakakura zvishoma uye shandisa hafu yayo pane kutenga chaizvo izvo zvaunoda uye nekuzvipedza kutenderera kwese. Yechipiri nzira inotaridzika yakachipa kumberi asi iwe unotsiva mabhatiri kazhinji.
Yedu yakajairwa kumisikidzwa ikozvino: SOC pasi pa20% kusvika 25%, sirin'i pa80% kusvika 85%, mota dzinoshanda mukati mehwindo iri. Zvakasanganiswa nemukana wekuchaja, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunotambanuka kaviri kusvika katatu zvichienzaniswa nechaji yakazara/kuburitsa bhasikoro.
Imwe pfungwa isiriyo yakajairika
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti mabhatiri e-lithium anoda nguva nenguva akazara kubuda kuti "akwanise." Ndiyo nickel cadmium kufunga, kukanganisa zvachose kune lithium. Deep discharge inokuvadza electrode structure. BMS yemazuva ano inoshandisa coulomb kuverenga kweSOC fungidziro, haidi madhiraini asina chinhu ekuenzanisa.
Kuchaja Strategy: Mukana Kuchaja kana Battery Swap
Nzira mbiri idzi dzine nzvimbo yadzo. Uyewo haisi "yakanyanya kufambira mberi."
Mukana wekuchaja
Inoshanda kana AGV kushandiswa kunogara pasi pe75%. Motokari inochaja uchimirira mabasa, kumisa mitsetse, kurodha/kuburutsa. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinotora maminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu. Inowedzera kusvika pakukwana nguva yekumhanya zuva rese. Hapana kupindira kwevanhu kwaidiwa. Iine LFP inotsigira 1C kuchaja, maminetsi gumi nemashanu anowedzera zvinosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana, inokwana imwe awa kana maviri ekushanda.
Kuchinja kwebhatiri
Inoshanda kana kushandiswa kuchipfuura 95% uye mota hadzigone kumira. Mota inopinda muchiteshi chekuchinja, bhatiri rakachinjwa mumaminitsi maviri kusvika mashanu, pakarepo kudzokera kubasa. Kutengeserana{{5}kudzimwa: mota yega yega inoda mabhatiri maviri kusvika matatu, midziyo yakatsaurirwa yekuchinjana, vashandisi kuti vashandure.
Nyaya yeDHL yakakosha kucherechedzwa. Nzvimbo dzavo dzekugovera pasi rose dzinoshandisa Locus Robotic marobhoti anodyidzana ane mukana wekuchaja. Kutora hunyanzvi kwakavandudza 50% kusvika 70%, kukuvara kubasa kwakadonha 15% (mabviro: webhusaiti yeDHL uye Logistics Viewpoints coverage). Izvo zvinobudirira zviwanikwa hazvisi chete kubva kumarobhoti pachawo. Mukana wekuchaja unogonesa kwechokwadi kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kushanda kusingaitwe. Mari yekuchengetedza mari yevashandi yakakura.
Cold Environment Pitfalls
Kana imba yako yekuchengetera zvinhu iine firiji kana firiji nzvimbo, kusarudzwa kwebhatiri kunoda kutarisirwa kwakanyanya.
Lithium mabhatiri ane matambudziko maviri mukutonhora. Kutanga, simba rinodonha: paminus 10℃, LFP inochengetedza zvichida 85% kukwanisa; paminus 20℃pamwe 70%. Chechipiri, zvirambidzo zvekuchaja: kuchaja lithium pazasi kutonhora kunokonzera lithium plating pane anode. Ndiko kukuvara zvachose pamwe nesafety hazard. Mazhinji BMS anoramba kuchaja ikozvino kana tembiricha yesero inodonha pazasi 0 dhigirii.
Mhinduro dzinoshanda: kungave kuseta nzvimbo dzekuchaja kunze kwenzvimbo inotonhora (mota dzinobuda kunochaja, dzodzoka kana dzapedza), kana shandisa masisitimu ebhatiri ane preheating (masero anodziya pamusoro pechando usati wabvuma kuchaja ikozvino).
Kana ma AGVs ako akashanda nguva yakawedzerwa pazasi minus 25℃, yakajairwa LFP pamwe haizoidimbure. Funga nezveLTO kana mabhatiri anotonhora echeni. SVOLT's LMFP maseru anoti kushanda paminus 30 dhigirii . Vakavaka nzvimbo yakanaka mune inotonhora chain logistics. Zvakakodzera kuferefetwa kune zvikumbiro zvefiriza.
Kumhanya Numeri
Concrete figures. Imwe 48V AGV, maviri-shift operation (maawa gumi nematanhatu pazuva),-makore mashanu.
Lead acid nzira
Mabhatiri (2 ekutenderera): $4,000
Chaja: $1,500
Magetsi epagore (5 yrs): $9,000
Kugadziriswa kwegore negore (5 makore): $ 3,000
Kutsiviwa (Gore 3):$4,000
Kurasika nguva yekurasikirwa (5 yrs): $ 12,000
Makore-shanu:total$33,500
LFP nzira
Bhatiri (rimwe chete): $12,000
Fast charger: $3,500
Magetsi epagore (5 yrs): $5,750
Kugadzirisa: $0
Kutsiva: $0
Kurasika nguva yekurasikirwa (5 yrs): $2,000
Makore-shanu:total$23,250
Kuchengetedza: $10,250, inenge 31%
Izvi hazvitomboverenge mari yekurasa acid kana lithium residual value mushure memakore mashanu.
Lithium haina musoro riini? Single shift operation (pasi pe8 maawa zuva nezuva), kushandiswa kwakaderera. Lead acid yakaderera kumusoro mutengo inotora makore manomwe kusvika masere kukunda. Kana purojekiti yako iine makore matatu kusvika mashanu chete uye uchingomhanya kamwe chete, asidhi yemutobvu inogona kuita penzura zviri nani.
BMS: Kupfuura Dziviriro Sercuits
Vanhu vazhinji vanobata BMS semasekete ekudzivirira chete. Dzima bhatiri panguva yekuchaja zvakawandisa, kupfuura{1}}kubuda, pamusoro-ikozvino, kupfuura{3}}kupisa. Basa raitwa. BMS yemazuva ano inoita zvakawanda.
SOC fungidziro
BMS yakanaka inowana huchokwadi mukati mekuwedzera kana kubvisa 1% kusvika 3% (Infineon's technical docs claim plus or minus 1% yemhinduro dzavo). Nei kururama kuchikosha? Yako yekutumira sisitimu inogona kugovera mabasa zvichienderana nemotokari yega yega yasara kuchaja. Motokari{{5}dzinodhurisa dzinowana mabasa akareba-ekureba,{7}dzimotokari dzinodhura zvishoma dzinomhanya-mhanya kana kuenda kunochaja. Kana SOC yekufungidzira kukanganisa kuri gumi muzana, iyi optimization inove isingaite.
SOH kutarisa
State of Health tracking. Yakanaka BMS inoteedzera kushatisa macurves ebhatiri rega rega, inoyambira mwedzi iri mberi kana paki ichitadza. Zvirinani pane kumirira mota yakafa uye kubata nekukurumidzira kudzika.
Kutarisira tembiricha
Nguva chaiyo-yekutarisa munzvimbo dzakawanda mupakiti. Nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinokurumidza, dzinoderedza simba matambudziko asati awedzera.
Kukurukurirana interface
CAN bhazi kana RS485 inobatanidza kune yako yekuchengetera manejimendi system. Rega WMS ione mamiriro ebhatiri emotokari yega yega.
Usadhure paBMS. Isu takaona vatengi vachichengetedza mazana mashoma emadhora pabhajeti reBMS mayunitsi, tozoona SOC fungidziro zvikanganiso zvakakura zvekuti sisitimu yekutumira haigone kushandisa data zvachose. Pamwe usinawo chimiro.
Certification: Kwete Mapepa chete
Zvitupa zviviri zvinonyanya kukosha: UN38.3 uye IEC 62619.
UN38.3
Inovhara kuchengetedza kwekufambisa. Miedzo altitude simulation, tembiricha bhasikoro, vibration, kudedera, pfupi dunhu, overcharge, kumanikidzwa kubuda. Inodiwa kune chero lithium bhatiri rinoyambuka miganhu. Kwete UN38.3, makambani ekugadzira zvinhu haazvibate.
IEC 62619
Inovhara maindasitiri lithium bhatiri kushandisa kuchengetedza. Zviyedzo zvinhu zvinopindirana neUN38.3 asi tarisa zvakanyanya pane ekushanda mamiriro: chipikiri kupinda, kudonha kuyedzwa, BMS basa rekuongorora. IEC 62619 inoumba hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwekumaka CE muEurope, AS/NZS certification muAustralia, PSE mvumo muJapan.
Chinhu chakakosha: zvitupa zvinoshanda kune chaiwo echigadzirwa mhando, kwete kune vanogadzira. Vamwe vagadziri vanosimbisa modhi imwe vobva varova chitupa pane zvese zvavanotengesa. Paunenge uchitenga, simbisa kuti nhamba yechitupa inoenderana nezvauri kutenga. Mismatched certificates hazvina maturo.
Supplier Notes
Zvishoma zvatakasangana nazvo:
Pakati pevatengesi veChinese, BYD inobata chikamu chikuru chemusika mumagetsi forklift lithium mabhatiri, anonzi angangoita 60% muChina. Mabhatiri avo eblade anouya newaranti yemakore gumi. CATL neHangcha vakagadzira JV inodaidzwa kuti Pengcheng New Energy yakanangana neforklift uye AGV mabhatiri. Kana iwe uchitoshandisa mota dzeHangcha, iyo chiteshi inogona kuve yakapfava.
Pakati pevatengesi vekuMadokero, EnerSys NexSys yakatevedzana yakasimba. Yavo NexSys AIR isina waya yekuchaja sisitimu inotsigira lead acid, TPPL, uye lithium pane imwecheteyo masisitimu. Inobatsira kana zvikepe zvako zvichichinja kubva ku lead acid kuenda ku lithium uye iwe uchida kuchengetedza yako yekuchaja michina yekudyara.
Mibvunzo yekubvunza paunenge uchiongorora vatengesi:
Ndeupi mugadziri wemasero, giredhi ripi (A-giredhi kana B-giredhi)? Vanogona here kupa denderedzwa rehupenyu bvunzo data yemapakiti, kwete chete masero asina chinhu? Ko waranti yekuvhara simba inopera here kana kungokundikana zvachose? Vanobata sei zvichemo zvewaranti (mabhatiri ekutumira pasi rese anodhura uye anononoka)?
Pfungwa dzekupedzisira
Kusarudza bhatiri haisi-sarudzo yekutenga nguva imwe chete. Zvaunosarudza nhasi zvinotarisa mutengo wekushandisa uye kuoma kwekugadzirisa kweanotevera 5 kusvika kumakore gumi. Usangotarisa mutengo wekutanga wekutenga. Verenga makore mashanu-TCO usati wasarudza.
Kana uine chirongwa chakati tsvikiti chiri kushanda uye uchida kusimbisa bhatiri rako, tumira pamusoro pemaparameta ekushandisa, huwandu hwebhajeti, zvinodikanwa (kutonhora, kuputika-ufakazi, hukuru husina kujairika). Takambotsika zvimwe zvezvimbambaira izvi uye tinogona kukubatsira kuzvinzvenga.
