Battery Management System
Battery Management System (BMS) chishandiso chinoshandiswa kubata nemabhatiri mapaketi. Kumotokari dzemagetsi, -zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka zveBMS hardware nesoftware zvinogona kuwedzera kutyaira, kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri, kuderedza mari yekushandisa, uye kuona kuchengetedzwa uye kuvimbika kwebheti remagetsi. Iyo simba bhatiri manejimendi system yave chinhu chakakosha chepakati chikamu chemagetsi mota. Ichi chitsauko chinotarisa pakuunza kuumbwa, mabasa, uye misimboti yekushanda kweiyo simba bhatiri manejimendi system.
System Architecture
A common battery management system (BMS) hardware inonyanya kusanganisira Battery Management Unit (BMU), Cell Management Unit (CMU), sensors, wiring harnesses, etc. Mukugadzira mahombe-emagetsi mabhatiri masisitimu, sarudzo yeBMS architecture yakakosha, ichinyatso tara nzira dzekubatanidza pakati pehardware units nesoftware programming nzira, kuyera hurongwa hwekugadzirisa, uye gadziriso yekumisikidza, nekugadzirisa kururama. Zvichienderana neiyo topology pakati pevatongi muBMS, maBMS anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zviviri mumhando mbiri: dzakabatanidzwa uye dzakagoverwa.
1. Yakabatanidzwa BM
2. Yakagoverwa BMS
Kusiyana neakasanganiswa topology, akagovaniswa zvivakwa zvinokamura iyo BMS mashandiro kuita mainboard BMU uye akawanda muranda CMUs. Iyo modular dhizaini inorerutsa module musangano, inokwidziridza sampling harness dhizaini, uye inoderedza kudonha kwevoltage kusawirirana pamwe nekusiyana kwakafanana. Kukanganisa kunosanganisira mutengo wepamusoro uye zvakanyanya kuomarara kutaurirana uye kutonga dhizaini. Zvichienderana nekusiyana kwenzira dzekubatanidza BMS dzakagoverwa, dzinogona kukamurwazve kuita mhando nhatu: nyeredzi yekubatanidza (ona Mufananidzo 8-2), kubatanidza bhazi, uye daisy-chain connection.
(1) Star ConnectionMukubatanidza nyeredzi, iyo mainboard BMU inowanikwa nechepakati, uye yega yega CMU module yakabatana zvakananga neBMS mainboard kuburikidza neharness. Nyeredzi dzekubatanidza dzinofambisa nzvimbo-ku{2}}kudzora, uye kutadza kweimwe CMU node hakukonzeri zvakanyanya sisitimu. Zvisinei, sezvo nhamba yemamodules inowedzera, kuoma kwemitsara yekukurukurirana mukubatanidza nyeredzi kunowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kugadzirisa kuve kwakaoma uye kuderedza scalability. Nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kweBMS mainboard ports, mamodule eCMU haagone kuwedzerwa zvisina tsarukano, zvichiita kuti ive shoma mumashandisirwo makuru-.
(2) Bus ConnectionBus{{0}based system architecture inogonesa magadzirirwo emodular, sezviri kuratidzwa muFigure 8-3. Iyo BMS inowanzo kukamurwa kuita akawanda ekudzora mayuniti: BMU, CMU, uye Bhatiri Join Bhokisi (BJB). Iyo BMU, CMU, uye BJB yakabatana kuburikidza neCAN kana mamwe mabhazi network. Iyo BMU inoita iyo yakakosha algorithm mabasa ekutarisira bhatiri; iyo CMU inoita sero voltage kutora, kuenzana, uye kuyerwa kwekushisa; iyo BJB inoita yakakwira-voltage, yazvino, uye tembiricha yekutora, contactor kutyaira uye diagnostics, uye kuvharidzira kuona kwebhatiri pack; Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kunopa kuparadzaniswa kwemagetsi, kudzivirira kudzoka kubva pakupisa bhodhi redunhu uye kudzikisira kupindira amplitude.
Bus{{0}based architecture rinopa kubatanidza kufambiswa kwemashoko uye kusimba kwakasimba, kurerutsa zvikuru magadzirirwo ehardware, kuwana modularity, nekuvandudza kushandiswa kwehurongwa nekutakurika. Kunyanya kuipa kwayo ndeyekudhura kwayo kwakanyanya.
Daisy-chaining inzira itsva yekubatanidza yakabuda mumakore achangopfuura. Iyo interface inogona kushandura akazara-duplex masiginecha eSPI anosvika ku1Mb/s kuita masiginecha akasiyana uye oaendesa kuburikidza neakamonyoroka-tambo mbiri uye nyore,{5}}inodhura shanduri. Semuenzaniso, Linear Technology's AFE zvishandiso (LTC6811) inogona kubatanidzwa kuita BMS. Kashanduko kadiki,{9}}yemutengo wakaderera kanotsiva data isolator. Padivi guru rekutonga microprocessor, diki adapta IC (LTC6820) inopa iyo huru controller interface. Nepo unidirectional daisy-chain networking iri nyore, kutadza kwechero node kunogona kukanganisa kufambiswa kwehurongwa hwese. Naizvozvo, ring daisy yakavandudzwa-sekuratidzwa paMufananidzo 8-4, yakagadziridzwa uye inoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zveBMS zvevagadziri vemotokari itsva vane simba vakaita seTesla. Zvichienzaniswa nekubatanidza mabhazi eCAN, daisy-cheni ine mutengo wakaderera uye idiki muhukuru, asi haina kudzikama, huwandu hushoma hwemanodhi, uye kuomerwa mukubata nyaya dzemabhatiri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma senge masisitimu makuru ekuchengetedza simba.
Basic Mabasa
Kazhinji, mabasa akakosha eBattery Management System (BMS) anosanganisira: kutora data, fungidziro yemamiriro ebhatiri, kutonga kwesimba, kuchengetedza kuchengetedza, kudzora kupisa, kuenzana kwekutonga, kufambiswa kwemashoko, uye-mashandisirwo emuchina. Mufananidzo 8-5 unoratidza dhizaini inoshanda yebhatiri manejimendi system.
1. Kuwana Data
Kutorwa kwedata ndiyo hwaro hwealgorithms ese uye zvinodzora muBattery Management System (BMS). Naizvozvo, sampling rate, huchokwadi, uye pre-mafirita maitiro akakosha anokanganisa kushanda kwebhatiri system. Nhamba yekutora data inotarirwa nemamiriro uye basa. Semuenzaniso, nemagetsi ekuchengetedza, chiyero chekutora data chinogona kunge chakaderera sefuremu imwe pamasekonzi gumi kana kunyange paminiti; nepo kuzvinhu zvino kukurumidza kukurumidza kuchinja (sedzimotokari), data inofanirwa kuwanikwa kamwe chete pasekondi imwe yega yega, paine kumwe kuchengetedzwa-kunoenderana nedata kunoda sampling frequency dzakaderera se100ms kana 10ms.
2. Battery State Estimation
Battery state estimation inonyanya kusanganisira zvinhu zviviri:State of Charge (SOC)uyeMamiriro ehutano (SOH). SOC inoratidzira yazvino yasara kuchaja yebhatiri pack uye ndiyo hwaro hwekufungidzira kutyaira kwemotokari yemagetsi. SOH parameter inoshandiswa kumiririra hupenyu hwebhatiri hwasara uye mamwe mamiriro ehutano.
Kugadzirisa magetsi kunoita kuti-nguva chaiyo yekubuda kwesimba nekupinza kwebhatiri kusapfuure bhatiri uye simba rekutakura system. Muchokwadi, bhatiri rekuchaja / kubuda simba rinokanganiswa nekupisa, SOC, uye SOH, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Panguva imwe chete, padanho rehurongwa, njodzi dzakadai sekupisa uye kunyungudika kwedunhu dzinofanirwa kudzivirirwa. Naizvozvo, manejimendi esimba inzira yekutonga yepasirese kunyanya kushandisa ikozvino, voltage, tembiricha, SOC, uye SOH semapupu.
Kutarisisa bhatiri voltage, yazvino, uye tembiricha kuona kuti haipfuure zvakajairika. BMS yemazuva ano (Battery Management System) haingotarisi bhatiri pack chete asiwo inopa kudzora kwakakwenenzverwa pamusoro pemasero emunhu akanyanyisa akadai sekuwandisa, pamusoro-kubuda, uye pamusoro-kupisa.
Kutonhodza bhatiri kana tembiricha yaro yekushanda yakanyanyisa uye kuipisa painowira pasi pemuganhu wakaderera wekushisa kwayo kwekushanda kwakakodzera kuchengetedza bhatiri mukati mehutano hwekushanda kwayo uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwekushisa pakati pemasero ega panguva yekushanda. Thermal management inonyanya kudiwa kumabhatiri anoshandiswa pasi pe{{1}power discharge yepamusoro uye{2}}tembiricha yepamusoro.
6. Kuenzanisa Kudzora
Kusapindirana mukuita kwebhatiri kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwese kwese kwebhatiri paki kuita uye kunyangwe njodzi dzekuchengetedza. Kuenzanisa maseketi akaiswa pakati pemaseru ega ega mubhatiri pack kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuchaja uye kuburitsa mamiriro ega ega sero anowirirana sezvinobvira, nekudaro kuvandudza kushanda kwese kwebhatiri pack.
Basa rakakosha rebhatiri manejimendi system (BMS) kugonesa kutaurirana kwebhatiri paramita uye ruzivo neboardboard kana offboard zvishandiso, ichipa data rekuchaja / kuburitsa kudzora uye kutonga kwemotokari. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa, kuchinjanisa data kunogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekutaurirana, dzakadai seanalogi zviratidzo, zviratidzo zvePWM, CAN bhazi, kana I2C serial interfaces.
8. Munhu-Muchina Yekubatanidza (HMI)
HMI ndiyo yepakati pakuonana-kwemuchina. Inoshandisa michina yekupinza uye yekuburitsa yakakodzera kugonesa nhaurirano nekudyidzana pakati pevanhu nemichina yavanoshandisa. MuBMS, iyo HMI inosanganisira kuratidza ruzivo uye kutonga mabhatani uye mapfundo, akagadziridzwa zvinoenderana nedhizaini zvinodiwa.
