Shanduko kubva ku lead{{0}asidhi kuenda ku lithium-ion bhatiri masisitimu mumaapplication emagetsi forklift inomiririra imwe yekuchinja kwakakosha kweruzivo rwemichina yekubata zvinhu mumakore gumi apfuura.Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4)kemikari yabuda sechinopedza simba pakushandisa simba remaindasitiri, ichipa kuwanda kwesimba riri pakati pe120-180Wh/kg zvichienzaniswa ne30-50Wh/kg sezvakangoita magadzirirwo echinyakare elead-asidhi. Iyi electrochemical mukana inoturikira zvakananga mukushanda kwekubudirira kuwana izvo mamaneja edura uye logistics vanoshanda havagone kufuratira.
Nei Munhu Wese Akaerekana Ave Nehanya Nezveizvi
Hechino chinhu cheforklift icho vanhu vazhinji vari kunze kweindasitiri havazive: michina iyi inomhanya nguva dzose. Tiri kutaura gumi nematanhatu, dzimwe nguva maawa makumi maviri pazuva munzvimbo huru dzekugovera. Nzira yekare yekuita zvinhu{{4}kuchinjanisa mabhatiri eeasidhi anorema, kuchengetedza dzimba dzakatsaurirwa dzebhatiri dzine asidhi{6}}dzisingachinji pasi uye mhepo inofefetera, kuita kuti vana chiremba vatarise mwero wemvura svondo rega-rega{7}}kuti zvivakwa zvese zvinopera neLithium tekinoroji.
Ndakaona zvivakwa zvichishandisa mari inosvika zviuru makumi mashanu zvemadhora pakuvaka kamuri yebhatiri. Utsi hweAcid, midziyo yekudurura, zviteshi zvekugezesa maziso, iyo yese setup. Lithium mapaketi haana basa nazvo. Unogona kuvabhadharisa mukona yeimba yako yekuchengetera zvinhu. Hapana kamuri yakakosha inodiwa.
Mubvunzo weChemistry
Haasi ese mabhatiri e-lithium anogadzirwa akaenzana, uye izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura vazhinji vatengi vanoziva.
LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)inotonga musika weforklift nechikonzero chakanaka. Iyo inopisa yekutiza chikumbaridzo inogara yakatenderedza 270 dhigirii, ichienzaniswa neinoda kusvika zana nemakumi mashanu madhigirii eNCM chemistries. Kana uri kushandisa michina inorema munzvimbo dzinoitika zvinokanganisa-nekuti ngatitaure chokwadi, vashandi veforklift vanosangana nezvinhu-kuti muganhu haugone kutaurirana-. Hupenyu hwemabhasikoro kazhinji hunobva pa2,500 kusvika ku4,000 kutenderera pa80% kudzika kwekubuda.
Mabhatiri eNCM neNCA anoonekwa nguva nenguva, zvikuru mumidziyo yekuchengetera inotonhora apo iwo ekudzikira-kubuda kwe tembiricha kunopa chikonzero chekuwedzera kudiwa kwenjodzi. Asi ivo ndivo vakasiyana.
LTO (Lithium Titanate) inofanirwa kutaurwa nekuti vamwe vagadziri vanoisundira zvakasimba-kuchaja mascenario ekukurumidza. Tekinoroji inoshanda-unogona kuchaja mapeki aya mukati memaminitsi gumi nemashanu-20-asi murango wemagetsi wakakomba. Iwe uri kutarisa pane ingangoita 70Wh/kg. Kune akawanda maoparesheni, masvomhu haashande.
Chii Chinoitika Mukati mePaki
Iyo bhatiri manejimendi system inogona kunge iri iyo isingakosheswe zvakanyanya mugungano rese. BMS yakanaka inoita zvakawanda kupfuura kudzivirira moto.
Kuenzanisa kwesero chete kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwemapakiti ne20-30%. Maseru ega ega mukati memodule anozochembera pamitengo yakati siyanei nekuda kwekusiyana kwekugadzira uye magidhi ekupisa panguva yekushanda. Pasina kushanda kuenzanisa, sero rako risina simba rinova iro rinomisa chikamu chese paki. Sitisi yacho inongove cheni-chete-se{7}}yakasimba-se-yayo-yakashata-yaibatanidza mamiriro.
State of charge estimation mu lithium chemistries inopa echokwadi tekinoroji matambudziko. Iyo voltage curve yemasero eLFP inoshamisa yakapfava kuburikidza nepakati 60% yekuyerera kutenderera. Haukwanisi kungoyera voltage wowana SOC nenzira yaungaite nelead-asidhi. Masisitimu emazuva ano anoshandisa coulomb kuverenga yakasanganiswa neKalman kusefa uye periodic recalibration zvichibva pane inozivikanwa mareferenzi mapoinzi (yakazara charge voltage, discharge endpoints).
Kutariswa kwe tembiricha kunoitika panzvimbo dzakawanda{{0}kazhinji 8-masero 12 ega ega-nezvimisoro zvekuvhara zvinotangisa kana chero sensor inodarika ma values. Iyo CAN bhazi kutaurirana inodyisa iyi data kune forklift's main controller nguva dzose.
Kukurukurirana Kwemari
Apa ndipo panotanga kunakidza zvinhu, uye kwandakaona zvikwata zvekutenga zvinhu zvichiita zvikanganiso zvinodhura.
Mutengo wekutanga wekutenga lithium pack unosvika 2.5 kusvika ku3 zvakaenzana nebhatiri relead-acid. Nhamba iyoyo inotyisa vanhu. Hazvifanirwe kudaro, asi zvinodaro.
Funga nezve yakajairwa 80V/500Ah application inomhanyisa mashifiti maviri:
Lead{{0}escenario yeasidhi inoda mapakeji maviri ebhatiri (rimwe richichaja rimwe richiita), charger, mudziyo wekubata bhatiri, uye mabhatiri ambotaurwa. Uri kutsivawo mabhatiri iwayo 4-5 makore ega ega. Mari yebasa yekuchinja kwebhatiri zuva nezuva inowedzera-chimiro 15-20 maminetsi pakuchinjana, kaviri zuva nezuva, chero chiyero chako chebasa chakaremerwa chinoitika.
Iyo lithium pack inotora makore 8-10 nekutonga kwakakodzera. Hapana kuchinjanisa. Hapana imba yebhatiri. Mukana wekuchaja panguva yekuzorora unoita kuti urambe uchishanda nekusingaperi.
Shandisa TCO calculation pamusoro pemakore gumi-makore uye lithium inokunda ne25-40%, zvichienderana nemitengo yemagetsi emunharaunda uye mari yevashandi. Three-shift operations ona payback mumwedzi 18-24. Single-shift applications inogona kusambosvika pakubhadhara, ndosaka ndichigara ndichibvunza nezve mashandisiro maitiro ndisati ndakurudzira chero chinhu.
Cold Storage: Chikara Chakakosha
Freezer application pazasi -20 dhigirii inopa akasiyana matambudziko anokodzera kukurukurirana kwakasiyana.
Mapakiti eLithium emazuva ese anodzikisirwa simba pakudziya kwakaderera-dzimwe nguva ne30-40% kurasikirwa pa -25 degrees . Ionic conductivity ye electrolyte inoderera zvakanyanya. Kuramba kwemukati kunowedzera. Kuedza kuchaja paki inotonhora zvakanyanya kune njodzi lithium plating pane anode, iyo inokuvadza zvachose maseru uye inogadzira njodzi yekuchengetedza.
Chinangwa{{0}mabhatiri ekuchengetedza anotonhora anosanganisira masisitimu ekudziya anobatika kusati kwatanga kuchaja. Mamwe magadzirirwo anoshandisa resistive kudziyisa zvinhu; vamwe vanotenderedza zvinotonhorera zvinodziya. Iyo paki haigamuchire kubhadhariswa kusvika tembiricha yesero yadarika chikumbaridzo, kazhinji inosvika 0℃.
Izvi zvinowedzera kuoma, mutengo, uye zvinogona kukundikana mapoinzi. Asi iyo-kuunza mabhatiri kune tembiricha ye ambient isati yachaja-inokunda mabhenefiti ekushandisa ayo aita kuti mari yelithium itange.
Installation Realities
Plug-uye-kushambadza kwekutamba hakutauri nyaya yese.
Kugovera uremu kunokosha zvakanyanya mukuenzanisa forklifts. Lead{{1}mabhatiri easidhi anoshanda seyakakosha ballast; rori rakagadzirwa chaizvo rakatenderedza misambo iyoyo. Lithium mapaketi anorema 50-70% zvishoma. Vazhinji vagadziri vanowedzera simbi ballast mahwendefa kutsiva, asi izvi zvinoda huinjiniya hwakakodzera. Ndakaona shanduko dzisina kunyatsoitwa apo marori akatadza kugadzikana achiremerwa.
Kuenderana nechaja hakuna vimbiso. Lead{{1}machaja easidhi anoshandisa maprofiles ekuchaja akasiyana-akawanda, absorption, equalization stages-zvinozokanganisa lithium cells. Unoda michina yekuchaja yelithium{{5}chaicho inoenderana neCC{{6}CV macurves uye kugona kutaurirana neBMS.
Iwo anokwirisa zviyero dzimwe nguva anoshanda, dzimwe nguva haaite. Battery compartment inandurudzo hazvina kujairika.
Certification Alphabet Soup
Kune chero munhu ari kutenga mabhatiri, mamiriro ekutonga anosanganisira:
UN38.3 yekuchengetedza chekufambisa (inosungirwa kutumira)
IEC 62619 inovhara maindasitiri lithium mabhatiri chaizvo
UL 2580 mumisika yekuNorth America
CE chiratidzo chekuendesa kuEurope
Usagamuchire mabhatiri pasina magwaro akakodzera. Uku hakusi kungodzivirirwa kwemhosva-inotova chokwadi chekuti mumwe munhu akamboedza chigadzirwa asati atengesa.
Maintenance (Kana Kushaya Kwazvo)
Imwe yemabhenefiti echokwadi: lithium mapaketi anoda anenge asina maitiro ekugadzirisa.
Hapana kudiridza. Hapana kusarura kubhadharisa. Hapana asidhi neutralization. Hapana terminal corrosion yekuchenesa. Iyo BMS inobata kuenzanisa otomatiki.
Zvaunofanira kuita: nguva nenguva yekuona yekukuvara kwemuviri, yekubatanidza mamiriro ekutarisa, uye ongororo yedata kubva kune yekutarisa system. Mazhinji ezvikepe manejimendi software anogona mureza maseru anoratidza maitiro asina kujairika asati ava matambudziko.
Chikamu chekutarisa chinonyanya kukosha kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu. Aya masisitimu anogadzira data rakakura rekuongorora. Kuishandisa proactively kuwedzera paki hupenyu; kuifuratira kunoreva kutsiva mabhatiri kusati kwakafanira.
Iyo Kuchaja Philosophy Shift
Mukana wekuchaja unochinja mabatiro anoita mashandiro nezve manejimendi emidziyo.
Lead{{0}mabhatiri aneasidhi anofarira kubuda kwakazara-kuchajisa. Kuchaja kwasara kunogadzira ndangariro mhedzisiro uye stratification nyaya. Iwe unofanirwa kuronga mashandisiro ebhatiri rako.
Lithium masero anosarudza chikamu chematenderera. Kuchaja kubva pa40% kusvika pa80% panguva yekuzorora kwemasikati kwakanaka-kunobatsira. Kuchengeta mamiriro ekubhadhara pakati pe20% ne80% kunowedzera hupenyu hwekutenderera. Iwe unomira kufunga nezve bhatiri manejimendi sedhisiki inoshanda basa uye wotanga kuibata sechinhu chinoenderera kumashure chiitiko.
Izvi zvinogonesa-shift operation yechokwadi pasina shanduko yebhatiri. Paki imwe, rori imwe, 24-maawa ekufambisa. Izvo zvinorehwa nekugadzirwa munzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro zvakakura.
Pane Zvinhu Zvakaipa
Kazhinji kukundikana modes akakodzera kunzwisisa:
- BMS kukundikanaverengera chikamu chinoshamisa chezvichemo zvewaranti. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinogara munzvimbo yakaoma-kuzunguzika, kushanduka kwetembiricha, ruzha rwemagetsi kubva kune zvinodzora mota. Hunhu hunosiyana zvakanyanya pakati pevagadziri.
- Contactor weldingkunoitika kana iyo huru yemagetsi contactors yakavharwa, kazhinji nekuda kweinrush zviitiko zvazvino. Masisitimu akagadzirwa nemazvo anosanganisira pre-maseketi ekuchajisa kudzivirira izvi. Zvigadzirwa zvakachipa dzimwe nguva hazviiti.
- Kukanganisa kwekukurukuriranapakati peBMS uye forklift controller inogona kusiya marori akabatikana kunyangwe bhatiri pacharo rakanyatsoshanda. CAN bhazi kushandiswa kwemhando zvinhu.
Kukundikana kwesero kunoitika asi kashoma nevagadziri vane mukurumbira. Pazvinoitika, modular pack dhizaini inobvumira kutsiviwa kwemamodule akabatwa kwete bhatiri rese.
Kutarisira
Solid-mabhatiri ehurumende anoramba ari "makore mashanu kubva" pakushandiswa kwemotokari, asi nguva yetekinoroji yesimba reindasitiri ingangorebesa. Ikozvino mvura ye electrolyte masisitimu inoshanda zvakakwana zvekuti kutsiva kudzvanywa kunogumira.
Zvimwe zvinofadza zviri pedyo-zvichiitika zvinosanganisira silicon-anode cells anogona kusunda kuwanda kwesimba kupfuura 200Wh/kg, uye kuramba kuchidzikiswa sezvo sikero yekugadzira ichiwedzera. Bhatiri-se--mamodheru epasevhisi ari kuwedzera kusimba, zvikuru kune maoperation madiki asingakwanise kutora mari huru.
Nzira yacho yakajeka. New forklift yekutengesa inowedzera kusarudzika kune lithium zvigadziriso. Lead{{2}asidhi haisi kunyangarika nehusiku humwe-pane nzvimbo yakakura yakaiswa uye tekinoroji inoramba iine hungwaru kune yakaderera{{4}mashandisirwo emashandisirwo-asi shanduko yapfuura poindi yayo.
Kunyangwe iyi tekinoroji ine musoro kune chaiyo oparesheni zvinoenderana zvachose neruzivo: maawa ekushandisa, mafambiro ekuchinja, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, kuwanikwa kwemari, uye zvekutanga zvekushanda. Hapana mhinduro yepasi rose. Asi kunzwisisa kuti masisitimu aya anoshanda sei-kupfuura zvinhu zvekutengesa-ndiro danho rekutanga rinodiwa pakuita sarudzo ine ruzivo.
