Battery State of Charge (SOC) Estimation
Common Battery Models
Iyo electrochemical reaction process yemabhatiri emagetsi yakaoma, inokonzerwa nezvakawanda uye zvisina chokwadi zvinhu. Kuenzanisira kwemasvomhu kwemaitiro aya idambudziko renzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye{1}}rakasiyana-siyana, uye ragara riri dambudziko guru kuvadzidzi neindasitiri. Iko kuwedzeredza kwekuisa (mutoro wazvino) uye zvinoonekwa zvinobuda (voltage uye tembiricha) yebhatiri remagetsi zvimiro zvinoyerika zvinoyerwa zvesimba rebhatiri manejimendi system. Kurongeka kwakaringana kwakakosha kuti unyatso kutsanangura maitiro ekunze emabhatiri emagetsi, kugadzira yakavimbika simba bhatiri mamiriro estimation algorithms, uye kugadzira yakakwana simba rekutonga masisitimu emotokari nyowani dzesimba. Mamodhi emagetsi ebhatiri emagetsi anonyanya kukamurwa kuita electrochemical modhi, akaenzana edunhu modhi, uye modhi yekudzidza yemuchina.
(1) Electrochemical Model
Pakati pe-1990s, M. Doyle, TF Fuller, naJ. Newman veUniversity of California, Berkeley, vakagadzira pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) modhi zvichibva padzidziso yeporous electrodes uye concentrated solutions, vachiisa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kweelectrochemical mechanism. Uyu muenzaniso unoshandisa mutsara wechikamu chekusiyanisa equations uye algebraic equations kunyatsotsanangura kupararira uye kutama kwe lithium ions mukati mebhatiri remagetsi, electrochemical reactions pamusoro pezvimedu zvinoshanda, mutemo we Ohm, uye kuchengetedza mari, pakati pezvimwe zviitiko zve electrochemical. Kusvika iye zvino, akawanda emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anotorwa uye akagadzirwa kubva kune iyi modhi. Imwe electrochemical model ndiyo yekutanga-misimboti yemuenzaniso inogona kunyatsotevedzera kwete chete kunze kwekunze kwebhatiri remagetsi asiwo kugovera uye kuchinja kwemaitiro emukati (zvakadai sekusangana kwe lithium ions mu electrodes uye electrolyte, uye mhinduro inodarika, iyo yakaoma kuyera). Zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mabhatiri emagetsi modhi, maelectrochemical modhi anogona kutsanangura maitikiro aita microscopic mukati mebhatiri remagetsi mukudzika hukuru uye ane chirevo chakajeka chemuviri.
P2D modhi dzinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana uye dzinokura, dzinoshanda kumhando dzemabhatiri ane masisitimu emhando dzakasiyana, uye anogona kugadzirwa nekuwedzerwa kuita mamwe akaomesesa akawanda-mamodhi ekubatanidza nzvimbo. Naizvozvo, mhando dzeP2D dzinoita basa risingadzokerike mukuenzanisira kwebhatiri. Nekudaro, iwo ane akaomesesa chikamu mutsauko equations uye akawanda electrochemical paramita, achiisa zvakanyanya kudiwa pane computational kugona kweBattery Management System (BMS). Parizvino, kugadzirisa maP2D modhi kunonyanya kushandisa nzira dzenhamba, senge inogumira mutsauko nzira, inogumira chinhu nzira, uye inogumira vhoriyamu nzira.
(2) Equivalent Circuit Model
Iyo yakaenzana yedunhu modhi inoshandisa zvechinyakare dunhu zvinhu senge resistors, capacitors, uye anogara ari voltage masosi kuumba redunhu network kutsanangura ekunze maitiro ebhatiri remagetsi. Iyi modhi inoshandisa voltage sosi kumiririra thermodynamic equilibrium electromotive simba rebhatiri remagetsi, uye network yeRC kutsanangura maitiro emagetsi ebhatiri remagetsi. Iyo yakaenzana yedunhu modhi ine yakanaka yekushandisa kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa bhatiri remagetsi, uye mamiriro equation eiyo modhi anogona kutorwa, kufambisa kuongororwa uye kushandiswa. Iyo yakaenzana yedunhu modhi yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuenzanisira kwemotokari itsva uye tsvakiridzo yekuenzanisa nemodhi-yakavakirwa paBMS. Mufananidzo 7-27 unoratidza muenzaniso wakaenzana wedunhu rebhatiri remagetsi rinoumbwa nen RC network zvimiro, zvinonzi n-RC modhi. Iyi modhi ine zvikamu zvitatu:
1) Kunobva Voltage: The open-circuit voltage yebhatiri remagetsi inomiririrwa ne$U_{oc}$.
2) Ohmic Internal Resistance: Iko kusangana kwekupikisa kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, electrolyte, isolation resistor, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinomiririrwa ne $ R_o $.
3) RC Network: Maitiro emagetsi ebhatiri remagetsi, kusanganisira polarization maitiro uye diffusion madhara, anotsanangurwa nepolarization resistance $R_p $ uye polarization capacitance $ C_p $, apo $ i=0, ..., n_s $.
Mumufananidzo 7-27, Kumusoro kunomiririra polarization voltage yebhatiri remagetsi.
Zvichienderana nemutemo weKirchhoff wevoltige uye mutemo wezvino, uye hukama huripo pakati pekuchinja kwemagetsi emagetsi neazvino, mamiriro-equation yenzvimbo yemodhi yedunhu anogona kuratidzwa se:
Anowanzo shandiswa bhatiri remagetsi akaenzana emagetsi emodhi seRint modhi, Thevenin modhi, uye Dual Polarization (DP) modhi yakakosha yen-RC yakaenzana yedunhu modhi kana n=0, n=1, uye n=2, zvichiteerana, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuyeresa bhatiri mamiriro uye manejimendi ekutonga.
(3) Michina Yekudzidza Mienzaniso
Michina yekudzidza modhi haidi ruzivo rwemukati mebhatiri kuumbwa uye chaiwo maitiro ekuita; ivo vanongoda kuwana nhoroondo yebhatiri yekushandisa data (ikozvino, voltage, tembiricha, nezvimwewo). Zvikuru, vanogadzira mabasa ekugadzira mepu asina mutsara pakati pezvakasiyana kuburikidza ne-nzira dzinofambiswa nedata. Kubatsira kukuru kwemhando iyi yemuenzaniso ndiko kushanda kwayo kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ebhatiri, kunaka kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana, uye kukwanisa kwayo kunyatsotevedzera zvisizvo zvisingaenzaniswi maitiro ebheteri.
Mumunda wesimba bhatiri manejimendi uye kutonga, nzira dzekudzidza dzemuchina dzinoshandiswa kunyanya dzinosanganisira fuzzy logic, neural network, kutsigira vector michina, uye yavo yakasanganiswa algorithms. Muna Kurume 2016, kukunda kweAlphaGo kukunda Go shasha yepasi rose Lee Sedol akaisa simba idzva mukudzidza kwakadzama, zvichikonzera tsvagiridzo nekushandisa, iyo yakashandiswa zvakare kukutonga kwebhatiri. Iine data yakakwana yebhatiri yekudzidziswa, mhando iyi yemuenzaniso inogona kuwana yakanaka yekufungidzira kuita. Zvisinei, iyi modhi haina chirevo chemuviri, haitsanangurike, uye kuita kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya nehuwandu uye kunaka kwedhata rekudzidzisa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuvimbisa kuvimbika kwayo uye kusimba kana ichishandiswa kune mabhatiri manejimendi masisitimu.
