Chii chinonzi Cell Voltage?

Cell voltage ndiyo mutsauko wemagetsi unokwanisa pakati pezvakanaka neasina kunaka zviteshi zvesero re electrochemical, rakayerwa nemavolts. Voltage iyi inomiririra kugona kwesero kusunda magetsi kuburikidza nedunhu uye zvinoenderana nekemikari yesero, mamiriro ekuchajisa, uye mashandisiro ekushanda. Sero rimwe chete rinogadzira simba remagetsi zvichienderana nemakemikari aro-somuenzaniso, lithium-based cell rinowanzoburitsa 3.6-3.7V, ukuwo sero relead-acid richigadzira inenge 2.0V.

Kunzwisisa Cell Voltage Fundamentals

Cell voltage inoumba hwaro hwekuti mabhatiri anoshanda sei. Ukabatanidza mudziyo nebhatiri, voltage inotyaira maerekitironi kubva paiyo negative terminal kuburikidza nemudziyo wako kuenda kune yakanaka terminal. Simba reiyi "electric pressure" rinotarisa kuti inguvai sero rinogona kuunza.

Zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru zvinotonga magetsi emagetsi: zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muma electrode, mhinduro ye electrolyte pakati pawo, uye kemikari inoitika mukati. Zvinhu izvi zvinogadzira izvo zvinodaidzwa nevemakemikari kuti electrochemical potential-simba rinotyaira riri seri kwebhatiri rega rega-chigadzirwa chine simba.

Musiyano uripo pakati pesero nebhatiri voltage zvine basa. Sero chinhu chimwe chete che electrochemical unit, ukuwo bhatiri rine maseru akawanda akabatana. Paunoona "AA bhatiri" pane label, iwe uri kunyatsotarisa kune imwechete 1.5V sero. Yako laptop bhatiri, zvisinei, ine akawanda maseru akarongwa munhevedzano kana akafanana kuti uwane inodiwa voltage uye huwandu.

Tembiricha inokanganisa zvakanyanya cell voltage. Mamiriro ekutonhora anoderedza kubuda kwemagetsi nekudzikamisa kuita kwemakemikari, izvo zvinotsanangura chikonzero nei bhatiri refoni yako richidonha nekukurumidza munguva yechando. Kupisa kunomhanyisa kuita asi kunogona kukuvadza sero chimiro nekufamba kwenguva.

Mashandiro Anoita Sero Voltage Mumativi Akasiyana Battery Chemistries

Imwe neimwe bhatiri chemistry inoburitsa hunhu voltage zvichibva pane yakasarudzika electrochemical reaction. Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunobatsira kuti usarudze iyo chaiyo sosi yemagetsi yekushandisa kwako.

Lead{{0}asidhi maserugadzira inenge 2.0-2.1V pasero. Mabhatiri emota anowanzo shandisa maseru matanhatu akateedzana kugadzira 12V. Masero aya anounza zvakakwirira zvazvino asi ane simba rakaderera remagetsi kana zvichienzaniswa neazvino dzimwe nzira.

Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) maserukugadzira 1.2V nominal voltage. Kunyangwe iyo yakaderera voltage kana ichienzaniswa nemabhatiri ealkaline, masero eNiMH anochengetedza steadier voltage mukati mekubuda uye kubata mitoro yakakwira ikozvino zvirinani. Iwo akajairika mune rechargeable AA uye AAA mabhatiri.

Lithium-masero eionyakashandura magetsi anotakurika ne 3.6-3.7V nominal voltage. Iyi voltage yakakwira inoreva masero mashoma anodiwa kuti asvike kune anotarwa voltages, kuderedza huremu uye nzvimbo inodiwa. Mazhinji mabhatiri e-smartphone anoshandisa imwe kana maviri lithium-ion maseru.

Lithium polymer bhatirimaseru anogovera zvakafanana 3.7V nominal voltage seyakajairwa lithium-ion asi anopekerwa anochinjika. Iyo polymer electrolyte inobvumira vagadziri kuumba mabhatiri aya kuita matete, mafomu etsika. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanakira drones, RC mota, uye slim zvishandiso uko nzvimbo ine shoma. Lithium polymer bhatiri sero rakazara rinosvika pa 4.2V, ukuwo rinobuda pasina njodzi rinogara pa 3.0V-kudonha pasi pechikumbaridzo ichi kunokonzeresa kurasika zvachose.

Alkaline maseronunura 1.5V kana iri nyowani asi uchinzwa zvishoma nezvishoma voltage ichidzikira panguva yekushandiswa. Kusiyana nemasero anochajwa anochengetedza magetsi akagadzikana, alkaline voltage inodonha zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pa1.5V zvichidzika kusvika 0.9V kana kudzika sezvavanoburitsa.

Nominal Voltage vs. Operating Voltage

Voltage yaunoona yakadhindwa pabhatiri label inomiririra simba rezita-avhareji yemagetsi panguva yekushandiswa kwese. Izvi zvinosiyana nemagetsi chaiwo aunoyera chero nguva.

Vhura siketi voltage (OCV)ndizvo zvaunoyera kana sero risina kubatanidzwa nemutoro. Lithium cell yakazorora inogona kuratidza 4.0V pane multimeter, kunyangwe simba rayo rezita riri 3.7V. Voltage yekuzorora iyi inoratidza mamiriro ekuchaja asi hairatidzi kushanda kuri pasi pemutoro.

Operating voltageinodonha paunodhirowa ikozvino kubva musero. Batanidza mota kana mwenje, uye voltage inodzikira pakarepo nekuda kwekupokana kwemukati. Kuderera kwevoltage uku kwakajairwa-kana kukura kwedhirowa iripo, ndiko kuderera kwakanyanya. A 3.7V lithium cell inogona kushanda pa 3.4V pasi pemutoro unorema.

Cutoff voltageinotsanangura iyo shoma yakachengeteka inoshanda voltage. Kune mabhatiri e lithium polymer, ichi chikumbaridzo chakakosha ndeye 3.0V pasero. Kuburitsa pazasi pecutoff voltage kunokuvadza kemisitiri yesero, zvichidzikisira simba zvachose. Midziyo mizhinji ine{4}}yakavakirwa mukati mebhatiri inodzima yega isati yasvika munzvimbo ine njodzi.

State of charge inoenderana nevoltage asi kwete mutsetse. Lithium sero pa 3.7V inogona kuchajwa 40-50%, ukuwo sero rimwechete pa 4.0V rinogona kuchajwa 80-90%. Iyo voltage-kune-kugona hukama inosiyana nekemistry uye chiyero chekuburitsa, zvichiita kuti fungidziro yechaji chaiyo yakaoma.

Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Sero Voltage

Multiple variables inokanganisa voltage yaunoyera kubva pasero chero nguva. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kunokubatsira kududzira kuverenga nemazvo uye kuchengetedza hutano hwebhatiri.

Draw yazvinoinogadzira iyo yakanyanya kukurumidza voltage kukanganisa. Dhonza gumi amps kubva musero rakagadzirirwa 5 amps, uye iwe uchaona yakakosha voltage sag. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti kushomeka kwemukati kunoshandura rimwe simba kuti ridzise pane basa remagetsi rinobatsira. Maseru-emhando yepamusoro anoderedza kuramba uku, achichengetedza simba remagetsi ari pasi pemutoro.

Tembiricha inochinjavoltage nenzira inofanotaurwa. Pa 0 dhigirii, sero re lithium rinogona kuyera 0.1-0.2V yakaderera pane imwe sero pa25 degree. Kuita kwemakemikari kunononoka mumamiriro ekutonhora, kuderedza magetsi aripo uye simba. Kupisa kwakanyanya kunomhanyisa kuita kwekutanga asi kunoderedza maseru nekufamba kwenguva.

Zera uye kutenderera kuverengazvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza sero voltage uye simba. Mushure memazana emachaji ekutenderera, sero rakambounzwa 4.2V rakakwana rinogona kubuda pa4.1V. Kuramba kwemukati kunowedzera sezvo zvinhu zve electrode zvinodzikira, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kutaurwa kwevoltage sag panguva yekushandiswa.

State of chargeinosarudza baseline voltage. Lithium sero inofambira mberi kubva pa4.2V kana yazara kudzika kusvika ku3.0V pakubuda kunobuda. Pakati pekunyanyisa uku, simba remagetsi rinodzikira zvisina mutsetse-zvishoma nezvishoma pakutanga, uye nekukurumidza sezvo sero rinosvika risina chinhu.

Sero chemistry uye kunakaisa misimboti yemagetsi. Masero ePrimum ane zvinhu zvakachena uye kugadzira chaiko anochengetedza yakawedzera kugadzikana voltage. Masero akachipa anowanzo shandisa zvinhu zvakaderera-giredhi zvinowedzera kusimba mukati uye zvinokonzeresa maitiro emagetsi asina kujairika.

Kuyera uye Monitoring Cell Voltage

Kuyera kwemagetsi kwakaringana kunoda maturusi uye matekiniki akakodzera. Iyo yekuyera nzira yaunosarudza zvinoenderana nekuti iwe unoda macheki nekukurumidza kana kuenderera mberi kwekutarisa.

Digital multimetersipai nzira yakapfava yekuyera. Gadzirisa mita kuDC voltage, bata dzvuku probe kune yakanaka uye dema kune yakaipa, uye verenga kuratidzwa. Kuti uwane huroyi hwakanakisa, pima pakuzorora mushure mekunge sero rabviswa pakutakura kwemaminetsi akati wandei. Izvi zvinobvisa voltage sag uye inoratidza chokwadi chechaji.

Bhatiri manejimendi masisitimu (BMS)gara uchitarisa voltage mu-macell pack akawanda. Aya maseketi anodzivirira kuwandisa nekucheka simba pa4.2V pasero uye kudzivirira kubva pamusoro-kubudiswa nekubvisa mutoro pa 3.0V pasero. Yepamberi BMS mayuniti zvakare anoyera maseru, kuve nechokwadi chekuti maseru ese ari mupakiti anosvika kune imwechete voltage panguva yekuchaja.

Inline voltage monitorsbatanidza pakati pebhatiri nemudziyo, uchiratidza-voltage yenguva chaiyo panguva yekushandisa. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakakosha kune zvikumbiro senge RC mota uko kuziva kusara kwekugona zvine basa panguva yekushanda. Tarisa kune voltage sag pasi pe throttle, uye pasi kana kumira voltage isati yadonha kusvika kucutoff mazinga.

Smart chargerine voltage displays inoita kuti utarise kufambira mberi kwekuchaja. Machaja emhando yepamusoro anoratidza magetsi ega ega mumaseru-akawanda, zvichibatsira kuona maseru asina simba asingasvike magetsi akazara. Kana sero rimwe richigara richichaja ku4.1V vamwe vachisvika 4.2V, sero iroro rinodzikisira.

Kurongeka kwechiyero kunokosha kupfuura izvo vashandisi vazhinji vanoziva. A $10 multimeter inogona kunge iine ±0.05V huchokwadi-inokwana cheki dzekutanga asi isingakwane pakufungidzira chaiko kwechaji. Laboratory-giredhi yemamita inopa ±0.001V huchokwadi asi inodhura zvakanyanya.

Nguva yekuyera zvinhu zvakanyanya sekuti sei. Voltage pakarepo mushure mekuchaja inoratidza huwandu hunokosha asi hairatidze hunogona kushandiswa. Rega sero rizorore 30-60 maminetsi mushure mekuchaja kana kuburitsa kune zvimwe zvine musoro kuverenga. Voltage inodzokororwa zvishoma panguva yekuzorora sezvo kemikari inodzika inoenzana.

Inoshanda Zvishandiso uye Chengetedzo Yekufunga

Kunzwisisa cell voltage inoshandura zvakananga kuita zvirinani bhatiri kuita uye kuchengetedzeka. Zvinoverengeka zvinoshanda zvinotsamira pakutariswa kwemagetsi kudzivirira kukuvadzwa uye kukwenenzvera hupenyu.

Kudzivirira kupfuura-kubudapamusoro pekuchengetedza kwekutanga runyorwa rwelithium masero. Kudonha pasi pe3.0V pasero kunokonzeresa shanduko yemakemikari isingachinjike. Iyo sero inogona kugamuchira kubhadhariswa mushure asi inozove yakadzikiswa zvachose uye yakawedzera kuramba mukati. Mamwe masero akabuditswa zvakadzika zvikuru haashandiswi zvachose kana kuti ane ngozi pakuchajwa.

Storage voltage managementinowedzera hupenyu hwe lithium cell zvakanyanya. Chengetedza lithium polymer uye lithium-ion masero pa3.7-3.8V pasero kuti urarame kwenguva yakareba. Kuchengeta kuzara kwakazara pa4.2V kunowedzera kudzikisira, nepo kuchengetedza kwakapera pazasi 3.5V kunogona kutungamirira kune yakawandisa-kuburitsa panguva yekuchengetedza. Tarisa mabhatiri ega ega 2-3 mwedzi uye recharge kana voltage yadonha pazasi 3.7V.

Cell balancingzvinova zvakakosha mu-masero pack. Kana maseru akabatana munhevedzano achigadzira kusaenzana kwevoltage, iyo isina simba sero inosvika cutoff voltage kutanga, ichidzikamisa huwandu hwepakeji. Kana 3-cell pack iine maseru ari pa4.2V, 4.1V, uye 4.0V, paki yacho haina kuenzana. Machaja emhando yepamusoro anodonhedza ma-high-voltage maseru zvishoma kuti aenzane maseru ese pamagetsi akafanana.

Voltage cutoff programmingmumidziyo inodzivirira mabhatiri kubva mukukuvadzwa. Seta mudziyo wako kana sipidhi yemagetsi kuti ivhare pa 3.0V pasero zvishoma-zvichida 3.2V kuti uvake muchetura. Kudzivirirwa uku kunodzivirira vashandisi kubva netsaona pamusoro-kuburitsa mukati mekushandisa zvakanyanya.

Kuchengetedza motoinoenderana zvakananga kune voltage manejimendi. Kuwedzeredza kwakapfuura 4.2V kunogadzira kupisa uye gasi mukati melithium maseru, zvichikonzera kutiza kwemoto uye moto. Machaja emhando yepamusoro anodzivirira izvi neaya chaiwo magetsi cutoff, asi gara uchitarisisa kuchaja uye usambosiya mabhatiri e lithium achichaja asina kutariswa panzvimbo dzinobvira moto.

-Muenzaniso chaiwo wepasi rose: Vatyairi veRC drone vanotarisa magetsi enhare vasati vabhururuka uye vapedza. Peketi inoverenga 4.2V pasero pakutanga uye 3.8V mushure memaminitsi mashanu-kubhururuka kunoratidza hutano hwakanaka. Paki imwe cheteyo inodonha kusvika pa3.3V mushure memaminitsi mashanu inoratidza kupera simba-nguva yekurega basa risati rakundikana pakati pekufamba.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeipi voltage inoratidza yakazara lithium cell?

Lithium yakazara chaji-ion kana lithium polymer cell inosvika 4.2V. Kuchaja kunomira pavoltage iyi kudzivirira kukanganisa kuwandisa. Iyo cell voltage inobva yadonha kusvika pa4.0-4.1V nguva pfupi mushure mekuchaja kunopera sezvo kemikari yemukati inodzikama.

Ini ndinogona kushandisa 3.6V uye 3.7V sero zvakachinjana?

Hongu, 3.6V ne3.7V zvinomiririra magetsi akafanana-vagadziri vanoanyora zvakasiyana, asi ose anoreva masero elithium akajairwa. Iyo chaiyo voltage inosiyana panguva yekushandiswa kubva ku4.2V yakazara yakazara kusvika ku3.0V yakaburitswa. Mavara ese ari maviri anotsanangura avhareji yemagetsi panguva yekushanda kwakajairika.

Nei bhatiri rangu richidonha kana ndikabatidza mudziyo?

Voltage inodonha pasi pemutoro nekuda kwekupikiswa kwemukati mukati mesero. Kana ikozvino kuyerera, rimwe simba rinoshanduka kuita kupisa mukati mebhatiri kwete kusvika pamudziyo wako. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti magetsi adzikire-madhirowa epamusoro anokonzeresa kudonha kwakanyanya. Iyo voltage inodzoka pedyo nemazinga ekuzorora paunoderedza mutoro.

Ndinogona kuburitsa zvakachengeteka zvakadii alithium polymer bhatiri?

Usambofa wakaburitsa lithium polymer masero pazasi 3.0V pasero. Vazhinji vagadziri vanokurudzira 3.2V seyakachengeteka cutoff voltage inosanganisira kuchengetedza margin. Kuburitsa pazasi 3.0V kunokonzeresa kukuvadzwa zvachose kukemikari yesero, kuderedza huwandu uye kugadzira njodzi dzinogona kuitika panguva yekuchaja.

Akasiyana bhatiri chemistries anoshanda zvinangwa zvakasiyana, uye cell voltage inoita basa repakati mukufananidza bhatiri chairo kune yega application. Lithium{{1}masero akavakirwa pamagetsi anotakurika nekuti magetsi akakwirira (3.6-3.7V pasero) anopa simba rakawanda munzvimbo shoma uye huremu. Kunzwisisa maitiro emagetsi panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa mavhiri kunobatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwebhatiri uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvinopfupisa hupenyu hwebhatiri.

Hukama huri pakati pevoltage nenzvimbo yekuchaja hunokupa chishandiso chinoshanda chekutarisa mamiriro ebhatiri. Voltage yenguva dzose inoongorora matambudziko ekubata nguva isati yakwana-sero risingachaji kusvika pakudzikira kwemagetsi emagetsi, ukuwo rinobuda nekukasira pasi pekutakura zvinhu zvakajairika rinoratidza kuwedzera kusimba mukati. Aya zviyero akareruka, akasanganiswa neakakodzera kuchaja uye kuchengetedza maitiro, anogona kupeta kana katatu hupenyu hunobatsira hwebhatiri pack.

Key Takeaways

Cell voltage inomiririra musiyano wemagetsi akayerwa mumavolts, akatemerwa nekemisitiri yesero uye mamiriro ekuchaja

Lithium polymer bhatiri maseru anoshanda pa 3.7V zita, 4.2V yakachajiwa zvizere, ine yakakosha 3.0V discharge cutoff.

Voltage inodzikira pasi pemutoro nekuda kwekuramba mukati-iyi sag inowedzera nekudhirowa kwazvino

Tembiricha, zera, uye zvazvino kudhirowa zvese zvinokanganisa akayerwa voltage, zvichiita kuti mamiriro akoshese pakududzira kuverenga

Yakakodzera voltage manejimendi kuburikidza nekutarisa uye kudzivirira maseketi anodzivirira kukuvadzwa uye anowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri