Chii chinonzi Lithium-mabhatiri eion?
Capacity and Electromotive Force of Lithium-ion Battery Materials
Panguva yekuchaji-mabhatiri eti lithium-anobuda, zvinhu zvinoshanda chete zvepositive nenegative electrode zvinopinda lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation reactions, ukuwo electrolyte nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingadyiwe. Naizvozvo, mukana wekuti zvinhu zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zve electrode zvinodzoreredza / deintercalate lithium ion inosarudza kuvhurika-circuit voltage yebhatiri, uye huwandu hwelithium ion intercalating/deintercalating inosarudza kugona kwezvinhu zvinoshanda. Vazhinji vepasi rose vagadziri vebhatiri relithium-ion uye vatengesi vebhatiri relithium-vanovimba nemaitiro aya kuti vagadzirise kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwakagadzikana uye kushanda kwechigadzirwa kunoenderana.
Kune iyo yakaipa electrode, maitiro anoitika maererano neEquation (1.2). Per mole yekabhoni (12g), inokwana 1/6 mol ye lithium ion inogona kubatanidzwa. Naizvozvo, iyo theoretical chaiyo kugona kwecarbon negative electrode zvinhu ndeye
1/6(mol)×96485(Faraday constant,C/mol)/12(g)=3400C/g=372(mA·h/g) (1.5)
Mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, tichifunga nezvekurasikirwa kwelithium nekuda kwekushambadza uye kuumbwa kweiyo yakasimba electrolyte interphase (SEI) firimu, iyo chaiyo inogoneka yakananga kugona kwekabhoni zvinhu 300-345 mA·h/g. Lithium inotungamira-ion bhatiri pack suppliers vanobudirira pane iyi nhanho kuburikidza ne optimized graphite magadzirirwo uye chaiwo maitirwo ekuputira.
Nokuda kwezvinhu zvakanaka zve electrode, kukwanisa kwayo kunoenderana nehuwandu hwe lithium ions inogona kubudiswa / kuiswa. Kutora LiCoO₂ semuenzaniso, inosvika 1 mol ye lithium ions pa mole yeLiCoO₂ inogona kutora chikamu mukuita. Naizvozvo, iyo theoretical chaiyo kugona kweLiCoO₂ (relative molecular mass 97.86) ndeye
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/97.86(g)=985.95C/g=273.9(mA·h/g) (1.6)
Mukuita, kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwekristaro yeLiCoO₂ zvinhu, kazhinji chete 30% -60% yelithium ion inotora chikamu mukuita. Naizvozvo, iyo chaiyo chaiyo kugona kweLiCoO₂ zvinhu ndeye 137-164 mA·h/g. Lithium hombe-ion bhatiri Vagadziri veOEM vanodzora kudzika kwechaji uye kubuda kuburikidza neBMS yepamusoro kuti vawedzere hupenyu hwekutenderera uku vachiona kuchengeteka.
Kune lithium iron phosphate, 1 mol ye lithium ions pa mole ye lithium iron phosphate inogona kutora chikamu zvizere mukuita. Naizvozvo, iyo theoretical uye chaiyo chaiyo chaiyo ye lithium iron phosphate zvinhu (relative molecular mass 157.8)
1(mol)×96485(C/mol)/157.8(g)=611.44C/g=169.8(mA·h/g) (1.7)
Muchisikirwo, chiyero che redox cheLi/Li⁺ ndicho chakaderera, chinosvika -3.04 V (vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Kune kabhoni negative electrode zvinhu, iyo inogona yelithium-ion kutorwa uye kuiswa iri pedyo neLi/Li⁺ yakaenzana inokwanisa. Zvinoenderana neiyo electrochemical dzidziso, pakamuri tembiricha, iyo electrode inogona E yekabhoni negative electrode ndeye
E=E dhigirii + 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺)/C(Li,C₆)] (1.8)
kupi
E dhigirii - yakajairika electrode kugona;
C(Li⁺) - kusangana kwe lithium ions mumushonga we electrolyte;
C(Li,C₆) - kuungana kwelithium ions mune negative electrode carbon.
Kana iyo lithium ion concentration mumushonga uye mune negative electrode carbon yava pedyo, electrode inokwanisa ye electrode yakaipa inoenzana nechiyero chekudzikisa chinogona E dhigirii. Kazhinji, iyo lithium ion concentration mu electrolyte inogadziriswa, saka shanduko mu lithium ion concentration mu negative electrode carbon inokonzera shanduko mune negative electrode inogona. Parizvino hapana nzira yepasirese yekuverenga iyo chaiyo yakaenzana inogona yeLi/C₆ ine akasiyana x maitiro. Inowanzogadziriswa nekuedza. Maedzo anoratidza kuti kuparara kwegraphite{{4}zvakavakirwa zvinhu zvinowanzosiyana pakati pe 0–0.4 V (vs. Li/Li⁺), zvichiita kuti zvive zvakafanira zvinhu zvisina kunaka zvemagetsi zvekushandisa. Mufananidzo.
Kune LiCoO₂ positive electrode material, iyo lithium intercalation/deintercalation process ndeye imwe-phase reaction. Sezvo iyo lithium ion concentration mune yakanaka electrode zvinhu zvinoshanduka, kugona kweiyo yakanaka electrode inoshandukawo. Tichifunga nezve lithium ion concentration mu electrolyte ndeye 1 mol/L, nokuda kwekuita muEquation (1.1), iyo yakanaka electrode inogona E ndiyo.
E=E dhigirii + 0.02567 · ln[C(Li⁺,CoO₂)/C(LiCoO₂)] (1.9)
kupi
E dhigirii - yakajairika electrode kugona;
C(LiCoO₂) - kusangana kweLiCoO₂ mune yakanaka electrode zvinhu;
C(Li⁺,CoO₂) - kusanganiswa kweLi⁺ neCoO₂ mune yakanaka electrode zvinhu;
Sezvo lithium ions inobviswa, iyo yakanaka electrode inogona kuratidza kuderera.
Kuchaja{{0}kubuditsa kwelithium iron phosphate material ndiko kushandurwa kubva palithium iron phosphate kuenda ku iron phosphate mushure mekuparara.
Kuita pa lithium iron phosphate electrode ndeye
LiFePO₄ ↔ FePO₄ + Li⁺ + e⁻ (1.10)
Its lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation process is two-phase reaction. Naizvozvo, shanduko muiyo lithium ion concentration mune yakanaka electrode zvinhu hazvikanganise kuchinja kunogona kuitika kweiyo yakanaka electrode. Kuenzana kwayo kugona ndiko
E=E dhigirii + 0.02567 · ln[C(FePO₄)/C(LiFePO₄)] (1.11)
Iko kusanganiswa kwezvakaoma zvakachena ndeye 1. Kubva pane yayo thermodynamic parameters, theoretical equilibrium inogona ndeye 3.4 V.
Kuchaja-kubuditsa curve yelithium iron phosphate material inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1.3.
Mashandiro eMabhatiri eLithium-ion
Zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mabhatiri, lithium-mabhatiri eion ane zvinotevera zvinocherechedzwa nevakawanda nelithium-vanoparadzira mabhatiri eion nevatengi vemumaindasitiri:
High simba density.Simba remabhatiri e lithium-ion rinosvika 100 W·h/kg uye 200 W·h/L kana kudarika. Munguva pfupi yapfuura ternary cathode lithium-mabhatiri eion akawana simba re 200 W·h/kg. Uchishandisa yakakwirira-nickel silicon{{8}based anode materials uye lithium-rich cathode materials, huwandu hwesimba hunotarisirwa kusvika 400 W·h/kg uye volumetric energy density 900 W·h/L, inodarika mabhatiri ekare. Naizvozvo, lithium{13}}mabhatiri eion anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinotakurika uye mota dzemagetsi.
High open-circuit voltage.Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwezvisiri-zvinonyungudutsa zvine aqueous organic, imwe-sero voltage inosvika 3.6–3.8 V, inova ka2–3 pane yenickel-metal hydride kana nickel{7}}mabhatiri ecadmium. Kushandisa zvine simba{{9}voltage cathode zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera simba rekushanda resero rimwe kusvika pa4.5–5 V, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekuwanda kwesimba remabhatiri e lithium{12}}.
Inokwanisa kubhadharisa{0}reti yepamusoro uye kuburitsa.Semuyenzaniso, ese-akasimba-mabhatiri estate lithium-mabhatiri eion anoshandisa mapolymer electrolytes anogona kubuditsa mazinga ari pamusoro pe10C nekuchengetedzeka kwakanaka; lithium-mabhatiri eion anoshandisa lithium iron phosphate sezvo cathode ichikwanisa kubuda 100C.
Kudzikira-kuzviburitsa.Patembiricha yepakamuri, mwero wepamwedzi unodzima welithium-mabhatiri eion kazhinji ari pasi pe10%, yakaderera pane nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri (15%) uye hafu yenickel{5}}mabhatiri ecadmium. Iyo yega-yero yekuburitsa mabhatiri e-lithium iron phosphate kazhinji isingasviki 3%.
Kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza,isina lead, cadmium, mercury, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye haisvibise nharaunda.
No memory effect.Memory effect inoreva chiitiko apo bhatiri rinodzikira kana rachajwa risati rabuda zvakazara kana kushandiswa risati rachajiwa (memory effect haisi yekuwora kwesimba). Lithium-mabhatiri eion haana ndangariro.
Kuchengeteka kwakanaka.Lithium-mabhatiri eion anowanzo shandisa kabhoni segerodhi isina kunaka, ine electrode inogoneka pedyo neiyo yemetallic lithium. Lithium ion inogona kudzoreredza kupindirana uye kupindirana mukabhoni, ichideredza zvakanyanya mukana weiyo lithium metal deposition uye nekuvandudza zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri. Mumakore achangopfuura, zvigadziriso zvemurazvo-zvisingadzoreki, -zvinoparadzanisa zvinorega, PTC (positive tembiricha coefficient) zvishandiso, kuputika{{5}mavharuvhu, masisitimu ekuchengetedza mabhatiri, uye humwe hunyanzvi hwakaita kuti bhatiri relithium- richengeteke zvakanyanya.
Hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera.Upenyu hwemabhatiri e lithium-ion hunowanzo pfuura mazana mashanu. Hupenyu hwekutenderera kwe lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri anowanzo 2000-3000 cycles. Kana inofananidzwa neanode zvinhu masisitimu ane yakakwira kutenderera kugona (senge lithium titanate), anopfuura zviuru gumi ma cycles anogona kuwanikwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti mabhatiri elithium iron phosphate ive sarudzo yakanakisa yekuchengetera simba mabhatiri masisitimu uye-mapurojekiti makuru eESS.
