Chii chinonzi Deep Discharge?

Kuyerera kwakadzika kunoitika kana bhatiri rinoshandisa 80% kana kupfuura yehuwandu hwaro huzere risati rachaja. Izvi zvinosiyana nemaitiro akajairika ekuburitsa apo mabhatiri anowanzo shanda mukati me20-50% yekugona kwavo. Kana mabhatiri akadzimwa zvakanyanya, kuita kwemakemikari kusingadzoreki kunotanga izvo zvinodzikisira kugona kwavo kuchengetedza uye kuendesa simba.

Hudzamu hweDicharge inoyera chikamu chebhatiri rave kushandiswa zvichienderana nehuwandu huripo. Kana 100 amp-awa (Ah) bhatiri rikadzima 80 Ah, rasvika pa80% DoD.

Kuverenga kuri nyore:

DoD (%)=(Kugona Kushandiswa / Kukwana Kwese) × 100

DoD inopikisa zvakananga State of Charge (SoC). Kana DoD iri 80%, SoC iri 20%. Mametric maviri aya anoshanda pamwechete kuti akupe mufananidzo wakakwana wemamiriro ebhatiri-DoD inokuudza zvashandiswa, ukuwo SoC ichiratidza zvasara.

Vagadziri vebhatiri vanoisa yakatarwa DoD miganho yemakemikari akasiyana. Lead{{1}mabhatiri aneasidhi haafanire kudarika 50% DoD pakushandiswa nguva dzose, ukuwo mabhatiri e lithium-ion anogona kubata 80-90% DoD zvisina njodzi. Iyi miganho iripo nekuti zvakadzika zvinoyerera zvinomhanyisa kupfeka pazvinhu zvemukati.

Deep Discharge

Kana mabhatiri achibuda zvakadzika, maitiro emakemikari akasiyana anokonzera kukuvara zvachose zvichienderana nekemikari yebhatiri.

Mumabhatiri emutobvu{{0}asidhi, kuburitsa kunoshandura lead dioxide uye sponge lead kuita lead sulfate kuburikidza nekuita nesulfuric acid. Munguva yekubuda kwakajairika, aya anotungamira sulfate makristasi anoramba ari madiki uye nyore kutendeutsa kumashure panguva yekuchaja. Nekudaro, kubuda kwakadzika kunokonzeresa kuwanda kwe lead sulfate kuunganidzwa.

Aya makristasi esulfate anoomesa uye anokura kuburikidza nenzira inonzi sulfation. Kana makristasi asvika pane imwe saizi, vanoomesa musoro uye vanoramba kushandura zvakare kuita zvinhu zvinoshanda panguva yekuchajisa. Tsvagiridzo kubva kuMidtronics inoratidza kuti 12-volt lead-asidhi bhatiri inodonha pasi pe10.5 volts pasi pekuremerwa inopinda munzvimbo yakadzika yekuyerera uko sulfation inokurumidza kukurumidza.

Iyo yakareba bhatiri inogara munzvimbo yakadzika yakadzika, iyo inova yekusingaperi iyi sulfation inova. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, machunks ezvishandiso zvinoputika kubva mumahwendefa nenzira inodaidzwa kunzi plate shedding, zvichitungamira kumaseketi mapfupi uye kutadza kwebhatiri kuzere.

Lithium-mabhatiri eion anotarisana nezvinetso zvakasiyana asi zvakakomba zvakaenzana. Kana yaburitswa pasi pechikumbaridzo chavo chakachengeteka (kazhinji 2.5V pasero), mhangura inobva muunganidzi weanode inotanga kunyungudika ichipinda mu electrolyte.

Pakuchajisa, maion emhangura akanyunguduka anogona kudzoserwa pane anode, ogadzira madendrites-tushebvu twesimbi tunokura mukati mebhatiri. Chidzidzo che2016 muScientific Reports chakawana kuti kuwandisa kwakanyanya kudarika -12% mamiriro ekubhadhara kunokonzera mukati mapfupi maseketi kuburikidza neiyi copper deposition mechanism.

Pamusoro pezvo, kubuda kwakadzika kunokuvadza Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer, firimu rinodzivirira pane anode. Iyi layer inowanzo dzivirira kuita kwemakemikari kusingadiwe. Pane imwe nguva yakakuvadzwa, zviitiko zvebheteri zvakawedzera kupikisa kwemukati uye kuderedza simba. IEEE data inoratidza kuti mabhatiri ari pasi penguva dzose yakadzika yekuburitsa madhijitari anorasikirwa nehukuru 40% nekukurumidza kupfuura iwo anochengetwa mukati memiganho inokurudzirwa.

Akasiyana bhatiri chemistries ane akasiyana voltage cutoffs anotsanangura kudzika kwakadzika:

Lead-Mabhatiri Easidhi:

Yakachajwa zvizere: 12.6-12.8V (ye12V bhatiri)

50% yakasunungurwa: 12.2V

Deep discharge chikumbaridzo: 10.5V

Yakanyanya kukuvara nhanho: Pazasi 10.5V

Lithium-Mabhatiri eIon:

Yakachajiswa zvizere: 4.2V pasero

Normal kushanda siyana: 3.7-4.0V per sero

Deep discharge chikumbaridzo: 3.0V pasero

Dambudziko rekukuvara kwechigarire: Pazasi 2.5V pasero

LiFePO4 Mabhatiri:

Yakakwana zvakakwana: 3.65V pasero

Normal kushanda siyana: 3.2-3.4V per sero

Yakachengeteka yekuburitsa pasi: 2.5V pasero

Kukuvadza chikumbaridzo: Pazasi pe2.0V pasero

Kana simba rebhatiri radonha pazasi pezvikumbaridzo izvi, kuramba kwemukati kunowedzera zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti kuchaja kuwedzere kuoma uye kunogadzira kupisa kwakanyanya panguva yekuchaja, zvichiwedzera kukuvadza.

Hukama huri pakati pekudzika kwemvura uye hupenyu hwekutenderera hwakanyatsonyorwa-asi kazhinji haunzwisisike.

Bhatiri relead{{0}asidhi radzikiswa kusvika pa50% DoD rinogona kuendesa macycles 800 risati rasvika 80% yezvekutanga. Iro bhatiri rimwe chete rakaburitswa ku80% DoD rinongopa anosvika mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu matenderedzwa. Masvomhu anoita seasingaite{8}haafanire kuburitsa zvakadzama simba rebhatiri here?

Chokwadi chakanyanya kujeka. Nepo imwe neimwe yakadzika yekuyerera kutenderera ichibvisa simba rakawanda, iyo inokurumidza kuderedzwa inoderedza huwandu hwehupenyu hwese kuburitsa simba. Pamuenzaniso{{2}asidhi uri pamusoro apa:

50% DoD: 800 cycles × 50%=400 yakazara kubuda yakaenzana

80% DoD: 350 cycles × 80%=280 yose yekubuda yakaenzana

Iyo isina kudzika yekuburitsa maitiro inopa 43% yakawanda yakazara simba pamusoro pehupenyu hwebhatiri.

Lithium-mabhatiri eion anoratidza kusimba. Bhatiri remhando yepamusoro reLiFePO4 rinokwanisa kubata 2,000+ macycles pa80% DoD zvichienzaniswa ne200-300 cycles for lead-asidhi pamwero wakadzama. Uku kushivirira kwakadzama-kuburitsa kunoita kuti matekinoroji etithium afarirwe kune maapplication anoda kugara achikwira bhasikoro.

Deep Discharge

Kuburitsa kwakadzika kunosanganisira kushandisa chete 10-30% yebhatiri recharge usati wachaja. Iyi nzira inoderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana pane zvikamu zvebhatiri.

Tsvagiridzo kubva kune akawanda anogadzira mabhatiri inosimbisa kuti kudzika bhasikoro pamitengo yakaderera kunounza kuderera kusingayereki. Imwe wongororo pamabhatiri eLiFePO4 yakaratidza kuti pa50% yenyika yekuchaja uye 25℃rekuchengetedza tembiricha, mabhatiri aichengetedza huwandu hunosvika 80% kwemakore 23.8-zvichipfuura kure waranti yakajairika.

Kuyerera kwakadzika kunopa yakakwirira nekukasira inogona kushandiswa asi inomhanyisa kuchembera. Iyo mechanic stress pane inoshanda zvinhu panguva yakadzika yekuburitsa madhiri inowedzera simba fade mitengo. Pamotokari dzemagetsi nemagetsi anotakurika, marata asina kudzika anowanzopa nguva iri nani-yakoshe yenguva refu zvisinei nekuti inoda kuchajwa kakawanda.

Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha. Solar magetsi ekuchengetedza masisitimu anowanzoda kudzika kwakadzika kwesimba kuti awedzere kuwanikwa kwemagetsi kwehusiku kana zuva risingapenye. Mune aya maapplication, kugona kuwana 80-90% yebhatiri huwandu hunoruramisa zvishoma kuderedzwa kutenderera hupenyu.

Mapaketi emazuva ano ebhatiri anosanganisira Battery Management Systems (BMS) yakanyatsogadzirirwa kudzivirira kukuvara kwakadzika.

BMS inoramba ichitarisa akati wandei akakosha paramita:

Voltage Monitoring:Iyo BMS inoteedzera yega sero voltages uye inobvisa mutoro kana chero sero inosvika yayo cutoff voltage. Kumabhatiri e lithium-ion, izvi zvinowanzoitika pa 2.5-3.0V pasero. Iyo sisitimu inodzivirira bhatiri kuti risabudise kupfuura miganhu yakachengeteka kunyangwe mudziyo ukaramba uchiedza kudhirowa simba.

Current Limiting:High discharge currents inomhanyisa kudonha kwevoltage uye inowedzera kupisa kugadzirwa. Iyo BMS inorambidza kubuda ikozvino kune yakachengeteka mazinga zvichienderana nekupisa kwebhatiri uye mamiriro ekuchaja.

Temperature Management:Kuyerera kwakadzika kunogadzira kupisa kwakawanda nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudzivirira mukati. Iyo BMS inocherekedza tembiricha uye inoderedza kana kumisa kubuda kana miganho yekupisa ikapfuudzwa.

Kuenzanisa Sero:Mumaseru-akawanda, maseru haabudise zvakafanana. Pasina kuenzanisa, sero rimwe chete rinogona kubuda zvakadzika nepo mamwe achichengeta chaji. Iyo BMS inova nechokwadi chekuti masero ese anobuda zvakaenzana, kudzivirira maseru ega ega kuti asapinda ane njodzi voltage renji.

A unhulithium ion bhatiri chargerinoshanda tandem neBMS nekuyera magetsi emagetsi isati yatanga kuchaja. Kana magetsi akadonha pasi pe2.5V pasero, machaja emazuva ano anoisa "boost" kana kuti trickle charge mode, achishandisa ishoma ikozvino (kazhinji 0.05C) kukwidza zvinyoro nyoro kusvika kumazinga ekuchaja akachengeteka. Izvi zvinodzivirira kuumbwa kwe dendrites yaizoitika kana yakazara yekuchaja ikozvino yakaiswa kune yakadzika yakaburitswa sero.

Sekureva kweBattery University, majaja asina iyi ficha yekudzivirira anongoramba mabhatiri akadzikiswa zvakanyanya se "haashandiswe," kunyangwe nekungwarira kupora kungagoneka nemidziyo yakakodzera.

Kubudirira kudzoreredza kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekuti inguva yakareba sei bhatiri rakaramba riri mukudzika kwakadzika uye kuoma kwekukuvara kwemakemikari.

Pamabhatiri elead{{0}easidhi abatwa mukati memazuva ekubuda kwakadzika, mitengo yekudzorerwa inosvika 70% pamhando dzeAGM uye 30% pamabhatiri akazara nemvura. Iyo nzira inoda kushivirira:

Shandisa smart charger ine desulfation mode

Isa yakaderera ikozvino (0.1C kana pasi) kwemaawa 24-48

Monitor voltage rise-inofanira kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda ku12.6V

Kana magetsi emagetsi ari pasi pe12V mushure memaawa makumi mana nemasere, kukanganisa zvachose kwakaitika

Specialized charger senge NOCO Genius akatevedzana anosanganisira desulfation algorithms inoshandisa pulse kuchaja kuputsa makristasi akaomarara esulfate. Nekudaro, kana bhatiri rakagara rakadzika kwakadzika kwemavhiki kana mwedzi, sulfation inowanzoita isingadzokeki.

Lithium-ion recovery is riskier uye inoda kungwarira. Usamboedza kudzosa mabhatiri elithium anga ari pasi pe1.5V pasero kweinopfuura svondo-kuraswa ndiyo nzira isina njodzi.

Kwemabhatiri e lithium achangobva kuburitswa (voltage pakati pe2.0-2.5V pasero):

Isa 0.05C yekuchaja ikozvino kusvika voltage yasvika 3.0V

Tarisa tembiricha nguva nenguva-mira kana bhatiri rikadziya

Kana voltage yadzikama pamusoro pe3.0V, chinja kune yakajairwa kuchaja protocol

Ita akati wandei azere kubhadharisa / kuburitsa madhizaini kuti udzorere huwandu

Tsvagiridzo yeLiFePO4 bhatiri kudzoreredza inoratidza kuti yakaitwa nemazvo ekudzoreredza maitiro anogona kudzoreredza kusvika ku70% yezita rezita, kunyangwe kuita kusingadzoke zvizere kune nyowani bhatiri yakatarwa.

Ngozi ine lithium kupora ndeye dendrite kuumbwa. Kana yakakuvadzwa yemhangura kana lithium zvimiro zvatovepo kubva mukuyerera kwakadzika, kushandisa yekuchaja ikozvino kunogona kuwedzera aya madendrite kusvika avhara bhiriji uye kukonzera mukati mapfupi maseketi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nyanzvi dzakawanda dzichikurudzira kuedza kupora kamwe magetsi anodonha pasi pe2.0V pasero.

Kunzwisisa kuti mabhatiri anosvika sei pakubuda kwakadzika kunobatsira kudzivirira.

Parasitic Loads:Motokari dzemazuva ano uye zvishandiso zvinotora simba kunyangwe "dzinenge dzadzimwa." Chengetedzo masisitimu, wachi, uye komputa ndangariro masisitimu anogadzira anogara achidonha. Bhatiri rine hutano rinokwanisa kuzvitakura izvi, asi nguva yakawedzerwa isingashandiswe-kunyanya kutonhora{3}}zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwakadzika. Dhata kubva kunzvimbo dzemotokari sevhisi dzinoratidza kuti mota dzakagara dzisina kushandiswa kwemavhiki 3-4 dzinowanzogadzira mabhatiri akadzikiswa zvakanyanya.

Alternator kana Kuchaja System Kutadza:Kana alternator yemotokari ikatadza, bhatiri rinofanirwa kufambisa masisitimu ese emagetsi risingachajizve. Vazhinji vatyairi havango ziva nekukasira kutadza kwe alternator, vachienderera mberi nekushandisa mota kusvika bhatiri rapera zvachose. Kuyedzwa kunoratidza kuti bhatiri remota rinogonesa mota yemagetsi system isina alternator tsigiro inobuda mukati me30-90 maminetsi ekutyaira.

Kuchengeta Pasina Kugadzirisa:Mabhatiri anodzima-asina kutakura. Lead-mabhatiri easidhi anorasikirwa ne3-20% yechaji pamwedzi zvichienderana nekupisa. Lithium-mabhatiri eion anozviburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma (1-5% pamwedzi) asi achiri kuda kuchaja nguva nenguva panguva yekuchengeta. Mabhatiri anochengetwa kwemwedzi 6-12 pasina kubhadhariswa kwekugadzirisa anowanzowira mukubuda kwakadzika.

Kuwedzeredza Pakati Pemhosva:Mota dzemagetsi dzinotyairwa kupfuura chiyero chadzo chakayerwa, mabhangi ezuva anotsigira mitoro kuburikidza nemakore akareba, kana magetsi anotakurika anoshandiswa nguva dzose pasina kudzoreredza njodzi dzese dzakadzika. Dambudziko guru rinoitika kana vashandisi vakafuratira-yambiro yebhatiri shoma voenderera mberi nekushanda.

Mamwe maapplication anonyanyoda mabhatiri anogona kubata bhasikoro rakadzika rakawanda.

Solar Energy Storage:Off{{0}grid solar systems dzinofanira kupa magetsi husiku hwese dzichishandisa simba rinounganidzwa masikati. Izvi zvinoda hunyanzvi hwekuburitsa. Bhatiri rezuva remhando yepamusoro rinoshandisa mabhatiri emutobvu akazara{{3}asidhi yakadzika-mabhatiri (akatemerwa 50% DoD) kana mabhatiri eLiFePO4 (akatemerwa 80-90% DoD). Iyo yakajairika yekugara solar system inogona kutenderera nepakati pe60-80% yebhatiri huwandu husiku.

Marine Applications:Mabhoti anoda simba rinovimbika rekubatsira pakufambisa, kuvheneka, uye midziyo yekutaurirana. Marine deep{{1}mabhatiri ekutenderera anotendera kudhirigwa kudzokororwa kubva mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva uye kurodha mumahotera husiku. AGM marine mabhatiri anopa mukana wekuvaka kwakavharwa (hapana kupera mumakungwa asina kugadzikana) uchibata 50-60% DoD nguva dzose.

Recreational Vehicles:RV imba bhatiri mabhangi emagetsi midziyo, mwenje, uye zvemagetsi kana isina kubatana kune simba remahombekombe. Kufanana nemaapplication emugungwa, maRV anoda mabhatiri anokwanisa kuburitsa zvakadzika. MaRV emazuva ano ari kuramba achitora mabhangi ebhatiri relithium kunyanya kudzika kwawo-kushivirira kwekuburitsa uye hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera.

Mota dzemagetsi:MaEV anogara achiburitsa 20-80% yebhatiri rakawanda panguva yekutyaira. Izvi zvinomiririra kubuda kwakadzika zvichienzaniswa nenjini-mabhatiri ekutanga anoshandisa 2-5% chete pekutanga. EV bhatiri mapaketi anoshandisa lithium-ion chemistries (kazhinji NMC kana NCA) ine yakaomesesa BMS masisitimu ekugadzirisa aya ekuburitsa maitiro uku uchiwedzera hupenyu.

Backup Power Systems:Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) mayunitsi anochengetedza midziyo yakakosha panguva yekudzima kwemagetsi. Mabhatiri anoramba akachajiwa nguva zhinji asi anofanirwa kuendesa huwandu hwawo panguva yekudzima. Masisitimu eCommerce UPS anowanzo shandisa vharafu-inodzorwa lead-asidhi (VRLA) mabhatiri akagadzirwa kuti agone kubudisa mvura zhinji pasina kukundikana.

Deep Discharge

Dzimwe nguva, asi kwete nguva dzose. Pamabhatiri elead{{1}asidhi, kana simba remagetsi richiramba riri pamusoro pe10.5V, kupora kunokwanisika pachishandiswa kuchaja kunononoka kwemaawa 24-48. Kubudirira mitengo inodonha zvakanyanya kana bhatiri rakagara raburitswa kweanopfuura mazuva mashoma. Lithium-ion mabhatiri ari pazasi 2.5V pasero dzimwe nguva anogona kudzoserwa uchishandisa yakasarudzika yekuchaja, asi njodzi yekuumbwa kwedendrite inoita kuti izvi zvive nengozi. Machaja emazuva ano anowanzo ramba mabhatiri ari pazasi pemamwe magetsi emagetsi senzira yekuchengetedza.

Izvo zvinoenderana zvachose nebhatiri chemistry. Lithium-mabhatiri eion haambodi kuburitswa nemaune{2}}iyi ngano inotakurwa kubva kune yekare nickel{3}}cadmium tekinoroji. Lead{{5}mabhatiri easidhi anobatsirika kubva kune dzimwe nguva akadzika mabhatiri (kamwe pamwedzi 3-6 yega yega) kudzivirira stratification uye sulfation, asi kubuda kwakadzika nguva dzose kuchiri kuderedza hupenyu. Maitiro akanakisa kudzivirira kubuda kwakadzika pese pazvinogoneka.

Mabhatiri-akadzika anoshandisa marata akakora ane denser active material akagadzirirwa kuti asarambe achibudazve kusvika pa50% kana pasi. Mabhatiri ekutanga ane marata matete akagadziridzwa kuti aburitse mabhomba akakwira asi anokuvadza zviri nyore kana akadzimwa zvakanyanya. Musiyano wekuvaka unoreva kudzika{{4}mabhatiri emagetsi anogara achichovha bhasikoro uchitanga mabhatiri epamusoro pakuunza mazana ekutonhora-anoita cranking amps asi asingasviki makumi mashanu ekubuda kwakadzika.

Zvamazvirokwazvo. Kutonhora kunoderedza huwandu hwebhatiri rinowanikwa-bhatiri pa0℃F rinogona kuunza 50% chete yehuwandu hwaro hwakayerwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bhatiri rinosvika yakadzika discharge voltage nekukurumidza mukutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze kunyangwe nekushandiswa kwakajairika. Tembiricha yekupisa inomhanyisa-kuzviburitsa, zvichiita kuti mabhatiri akachengetwa abude zvakanyanya nekukurumidza. Izvo zviviri zvakanyanyisa zvinowedzera njodzi yekuburitsa yakadzika uye inoda kugadziridzwa maitiro ekugadzirisa.

Deep discharge inomiririra imwe yeakanyanya kukuvadza mamiriro anotarisana nemabhatiri. Kuchinja kwekemikari kunoitika-salfation mumutobvu{2}mabhatiri aneasidhi uye kunyungudika kwemhangura mulithium-maion cells-anoramba asingachagadzirike kana mabhatiri akareba achiramba akadzimwa. Nepo kupora dzimwe nguva kuchigoneka, kudzivirira kuburikidza nekutonga kwebhatiri kwakaringana kunoramba kuchishanda zvakanyanya.

Mazuva ano mabhatiri manejimendi masisitimu anopa dziviriro yakanakisa kana yaitwa nemazvo, yekutarisa voltage, yazvino, uye tembiricha kudzivirira yakadzika yekuburitsa kukuvara. Pakusarudza mabhatiri ezvishandiso zvinoda kuchovha bhasikoro nguva dzose, kusarudza machemistries akagadzirirwa chinangwa ichi (seLiFePO4) pane kuedza kumanikidza mabhatiri akajairika kuti apinde mukati me-cycle service ichapa kushanda kuri nani uye kurarama kwenguva refu.

Kune vanoshandisa bhatiri ripi zvaro-muchina wemagetsi, iyo nzira iri nyore yekuchajisa mushure mekushandisa{1}}voltage isati yadonha pasi pe50% yelead-asidhi kana 20% yelithium-ion-ichawedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri zvakanyanya uye kudzivirira matambudziko ekunaya kwakadzika.