Chii chinonzi Memory Effect?
Memory effect chiitiko apo mabhatiri anochajika anorasikirwa nehukuru hwesimba paanenge achidzokororwa patsva mushure mekunge angoburitswa zvishoma. Bhatiri rinoratidzika se "kurangarira" diki diki uye rinopa simba shoma pane raikwanisa kutanga. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika munickel-cadmium (NiCd) uye nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) mabhatiri, kunyange kuomarara nemashandiro akasiyana pakati pemakemikari aya.
Sayenzi Kuseri Kwendangariro Mhedzisiro
Memory effect inosanganisira yakaoma electrochemical process inoshandura chimiro chemukati chebhatiri. Kana bhatiri reNiCd richidzokororwa kuburitswa padanho rimwechete risati rachaja, cadmium hydroxide makristasi anoumba pamahwendefa ebhatiri. Aya makristasi anokura nekufamba kwenguva, achidzikisa nzvimbo inoshanda inowanikwa kune kemikari inogadzirwa inoburitsa magetsi.
Izwi rehunyanzvi rechiitiko ichi "voltage depression." Munguva yekubuda kwechikamu, voltage yebhatiri inodonha kare kupfuura yainofanirwa, kunyangwe simba remakemikari richiramba rakachengetwa. Izvi zvinogadzira fungidziro yekuti bhatiri rinopera kana richinge raramba risingashandiswe.
Tsvakiridzo yakaitwa nePaul Scherrer Institute kuSwitzerland yakaratidza magadzirirwo chaiwo muna 2013. Ongororo yavo, yakaburitswa muNature Materials, yakawana kuti ndangariro dzinobva mukugadzirwa kwegamma-phase nickel oxyhydroxide munzvimbo dzemagetsi emagetsi. Matunhu aya anokura kana bhatiri richigara richibuditswa kudzika kumwechete, zvichigadzira kugovera kusingaenzaniswi kwezvikamu zvezvinhu pamhepo ye electrode.
Nei Zvikamu Zvikamu Zvikamu Zvichikonzera Mhedzisiro
Iyo pateni yakakosha kupfuura masesheni ekuchaja ega. Bhatiri reNiCd rakaburitswa kusvika pamakumi mashanu muzana uye rozochajwazve ka20 zvichiteerana rinogadzira ndangariro mhedzisiro pamakumi mashanu muzana pachikumbaridzo. Kemikari yebhatiri inochinjika kune iyi tsika, kugadziridza zvinhu zvayo zvemukati kuti ikwidze kune aya asina kudzika kutenderera.
Kugadziridza uku kunoitika nekuti maitikiro e electrochemical anoitika zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakafanana mukati mebhatiri. Nzvimbo dze electrode dzisina kutenderera zvizere dzinoita kushomeka, nepo nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kakawanda dzinogadzira dambudziko rekuumbwa kwekristaro. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvikamu zvisina kushandiswa zve electrode zvinobudirira hazviwanikwi kune zvakajairika kushanda.
Ndeapi Mabhatiri Types Inzwa Memory Effect
Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) Mabhatiri: High susceptibility
NiCd mabhatiri anoratidza iyo yakasimba ndangariro maitiro. Aya mabhatiri aifambisa zvisingaverengeki maturusi asina tambo, masisitimu ekuvhenekesa kwechimbichimbi, uye zvemagetsi zvinotakurika kubva kuma1960 kusvika kuma1990. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuderedza kugona kwavo kushandiswa ne20-30% kana tsika dzekuchaja dzakashata.
Bhatiri reNiCd re1,000mAh rinodzokororwa 50% rekubuditsa ringangounza mazana manomwe-800mAh ehunokwanisa kushandiswa mushure memwedzi yakati wandei. Iyo yasara simba haina kurasika-yakavharika kuseri kweyepamusoro voltage barriers iyo michina yakawanda isingakwanise kukunda.
Nickel{{0}Metal Hydride (NiMH) Mabhatiri: Ari pakati Nepakati
Mabhatiri eNiMH anoona yakapfava vhezheni yekurangarira maitiro. Izvi zvakatsiva NiCd mumashandisirwo mazhinji mukati mekupera kwema1990 uye kutanga kwa2000s. Nepo ivo vachigona kukudziridza kumwe kurasikirwa kwesimba kubva kune chikamu bhasikoro, mhedzisiro yacho ingangoita 60-70% yakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura mumabhatiri eNiCd.
Iyo yakaderedzwa susceptibility inobva mukusiyana kwe electrode chemistry. Mabhatiri eNiMH anoshandisa zvisingawanzo pasi simbi alloys panzvimbo yecadmium, iyo inoumba akasiyana makristasi zvimiro pasi pekudzokororwa bhasikoro. Izvi zvimiro hazvina kugadzikana uye zviri nyore kudzoserwa kupfuura izvo zviri muNiCd mabhatiri.
Lithium-Ion uye Lithium Polymer Mabhatiri: Hapana Chokwadi Memory Effect
Lithium-mabhatiri, kusanganisiralithium polymer bhatiridhizaini, usanzwe classical memory maitiro. Kemistry yavo inoshanda nemisimboti yakasiyana zvachose-kupindirana uye de-kupindirana kwelithium ion kuita zvidimbu zvakaturikidzana-zvisingaburitse maumbirwo ecrystalline anokonzera ndangariro.
Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei lithium polymer bhatiri tekinoroji inotonga zvemazuva ano zvevatengi zvemagetsi, mota dzemagetsi, uye midziyo inotakurika. Vashandisi vanogona kuchaja mabhatiri aya chero mamiriro ekubuda pasina kutya kurasikirwa kwesimba kubva mundangariro maitiro.
Izvo mabhatiri e-lithium anoitika zvishoma nezvishoma kugona kupera kubva kune dzimwe nzira: electrode decomposition, yakasimba electrolyte interface kukura, uye lithium plating. Aya maitiro anosiyana zvakanyanya kubva mundangariro maitiro uye anoitika zvisinei nekuchaja mapatani.
Mafungiro Akajairika Pamusoro peMemory Effect
Nhema: Ese mabhatiri anochajwa ane ndangariro maitiro
Kutenda uku kunopfuurira kubva kunguva yeNiCd apo ndangariro mhedzisiro yaive yekunetsekana chaiko. Nhasi, ruzhinji rwemabhatiri anochajiswa anoshandisa lithium chemistry, isingagadziri nyaya iyi. Mafungiro asiriwo anoita kuti vanhu vaburitse mabhatiri elithium zvizere-maitiro anopfupisa hupenyu hwavo.
Nhema: Unofanira kubudisa zvizere usati wachajisa
Zano iri raive rakanaka kumabhatiri eNiCd asi richikuvadza ku lithium{{0}maseru. Lithium mabhatiri anosarudza kudzika kuyerera kutenderera. Kudzibvisa pasi pe20% kakawanda kunowedzera kuderedzwa. Iyo yakakwana nzira ndeyekuchaja pese pazvinenge zvakakodzera, kuchengeta bhatiri riri pakati pe20-80% kugona pazvinogoneka.
Nhema: Conditioning inogara ichigadzirisa ndangariro
Kugadzirisa-zvakazara nekuchajisa bhatiri{1}}kunogona dzimwe nguva kudzorera ndangariro mumaseru eNiCd nekumanikidza makiristaro ane dambudziko kuti aputsike uye agadzirise zvakafanana. Zvisinei, ndangariro dzakakomba mhedzisiro kubva kumakore ehutsika hwekuchaja hunowanzova hwechigarire. Iwo makristasi anokura zvakanyanya uye akagadzikana kuitira kugadzirisa kudzoreredza zvizere kugona.
Nhema: Memory effect ndosaka mabhatiri ekare asingagare kwenguva refu
Nepo ndangariro mhedzisiro ichibatsira mukurasikirwa kwehuwandu muNiCd neNiMH mabhatiri, haisati iri iyo yega mhosva. Kuchembera kwakajairika-kuora kweelectrode, kuparara kweelectrolyte, uye kuparara kweseparator{2}}zvinokonzeresa kuderera kwesimba mumabhatiri ekare. Bhatiri reNiCd remakore mashanu{{4}{5}}nemakore mashanu ekare riine machaji akakwana richaramba riine charge shoma pane paritsva.
Practical Impact paBattery Performance
Kuoma kwemaitiro ekurangarira kunoenderana nemashandisirwo emaitiro. Zvishandiso zvinokweva simba kusvika zvapotsa zvafa zvisati zvachaja, senge nhare dzisina tambo mukushandisa nguva dzose, kuderedza ndangariro mhedzisiro njodzi. Midziyo inochajwa zuva nezuva pamatanho ekubhadharisa, senge matambo ekutanga asina tambo kana makamera, aive panjodzi.
Mukudzorwa kuyedzwa, mabhatiri eNiCd akagadzira ndangariro inoyerwa mushure me15-20 kudzika kutenderera pakudzika kwakafanana kwekubuda. Mhedzisiro yacho inosanganiswa nekudzokorora kwega kwega. Mushure me100 kutenderera kwakadaro, kurasikirwa kwesimba kunogona kusvika 25% kana kupfuura.
Mabhatiri eNiMH airatidza maitiro akasiyana. Vaida 50-70 shallow cycles vasati varatidza zvakakosha ndangariro mhedzisiro, uye iyo yakanyanya kurasika yehukuru inowanzoitika yakatenderedza 10-15%. Uku kushivirira kuri nani kwakaita kuti vazivikanwe kune yakakwira-drain zvishandiso uko kuzara kuzere kwaisashanda.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzosera Mazano
Yemabhatiri eNiCd
Pedzisa discharge{{0}charge cycles ka20-30 pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pese pa20-30, shandisa zvinodzivirira ndangariro kubva pakukura. Iyi tsika, inonzi conditioning kana reconditioning, inoshandisa iyo yakazara electrode pamusoro uye inodzivirira yemunharaunda makristasi kuumbwa. Specialty majaja ane maconditioning modes anogadzirisa maitiro aya.
Mamwe maindasitiri eNiCd masisitimu anoshandisa pulse charger, achiisa mapfupi epamusoro{{0}zvino pulses panguva yekuchaja kuti apwanye maumbirwo ekristaro. Iyi nzira inoda michina yakasarudzika uye haiwanikwe kumabhatiri evatengi.
Yemabhatiri eNiMH
Dzimwe nguva kubuda kwakazara kunobatsira, asi mabhatiri eNiMH anoshivirira chikamu chebhasikoro zviri nani pane NiCd. Kuburitsa zvakakwana pese 50-100 cycles inopa yakakwana kugadzirisa. Kuwedzera kazhinji kugadzirisa kunopa kushoma kubatsirwa uye kunowedzera kupfeka kusingakoshi.
Mazuvano Battery Management
Battery manejimendi masisitimu mumidziyo inoshandisa lithium chemistry yekutarisa machaji mazinga, tembiricha, uye kuyerera kwazvino kuti ugone kuita. Aya masisitimu anoita kuti kupindira kwevashandisi kusakosha. Maitirwo e "bhatiri calibration" mune zvimwe midziyo haasi kutadzisa ndangariro -iri kubatsira manejimendi kuti atarise huwandu.
Iyo Shift kuLithium Technology
Kuenda kure kubva kuNiCd neNiMH mabhatiri mumashandisirwo evatengi kunobva muchikamu chekurangarira mhedzisiro kunetseka. Vagadziri vakaziva kuti vatengi vaida kugadzirisa{1}mabhatiri emahara. Lithium chemistry yakaunza izvi pamwe chete nehuremu hwepamusoro uye simba riri nani-ku-kureshiya uremu.
Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvinoshandisa lithium polymer bhatiri tekinoroji inodzivirira ndangariro zvachose paunenge uchipa 2-katatu kakapetwa simba rekuchengetedza pagiramu richienzaniswa neNiMH. Izvi zvinovaita vakanaka kune smartphones, mahwendefa, drones, uye zvimwe zvinorema-sensitive application uko kuwedzera nguva yekumhanya.
Zvisineyi, mabhatiri eNiCd neNiMH anoramba achishandiswa kana tembiricha yakanyanyisa, kuyerera kwakanyanya, kana kuvimbika kwenguva refu-kupfuura zvinonetsa mupfungwa. Chengetedza magetsi masisitimu, midziyo yekurapa, uye mamwe maturusi emuindasitiri achiri kuvimba nenickel-based chemistries.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Kukanganisa kwendangariro kunokanganisa zvachose bhatiri here?
Memory effect pachayo haikuvadzi chimiro chebhatiri. Iyo inoderedza huwandu huripo nekushandura maitiro emagetsi emagetsi ega. Muchiono, kugadzirisa kwakakodzera kunogona kuidzosera, kunyangwe zviitiko zvakakomba kubva kumakore ehutsika hwekuchaja hunogona kuramba kupora kuzere. Bhatiri rinoramba rakachengetedzeka kuti rishandise-rinongoburitsa nguva shoma yekushandisa.
Ndinoziva sei kana bhatiri rangu rine memory effect?
Memory effect inoratidzika senguva ipfupi yekumhanya inova nani mushure mekupera kwechaji-yakazara. Kana nguva yekumhanya ikaramba yakaderera kunyangwe mushure mekugadzirisa, dambudziko ringangove rakajairwa kuchembera kana kukuvara kwemukati kwete ndangariro. Mazuva ano mabhatiri e-lithium haaratidze iyi pateni sezvo ivo vasingawane chaiyo yekurangarira maitiro.
Memory effect inokanganisa mabhatiri emota here?
Kwete. Mabhatiri eMotokari anoshandisa lead-asidhi chemistry, iyo isingagadziri mundangariro. Kurasika kwesimba mumabhatiri emota dzekare kunobva mukusarufa (lead sulfate crystal buildup), active material dedding, uye electrolyte stratification-maitiro akasiyana anoda mishonga yakasiyana.
Sei vagadziri vefoni vachikurudzira nguva nenguva yakazara yakazara?
Iri rairo rine chekuita nebhatiri geji calibration, kwete ndangariro maitiro ekudzivirira. Iyo software yemudziyo inoteedzera huwandu hwebhatiri nekutarisa voltage uye ikozvino. Nguva nenguva kuchiisa pedyo-isina chinhu kunobatsira sisitimu kuyera kukwana kwebhatiri, kuvandudza fungidziro yechaji. Izvo hazvidzivisi kurasikirwa kwesimba mubhatiri pacharo.
Memory effect yakaumbika bhatiri tekinoroji kwemakumi emakore. Kunzwisisa maitiro ayo kwakatungamira kune zvirinani bhatiri chemistries uye akangwara ekuchaja masisitimu. Nepo vashandisi vazhinji nhasi vasingambosangane nememory effect nekuda kwelithium-mabhatiri akavakirwa, zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa zvinoramba zvichikurudzira magadzirirwo atinoita nekugadzirisa masisitimu emagetsi anotakurika.
Shanduko kuenda ku lithium polymer bhatiri dhizaini uye mamwe machemistries epamberi anomiririra zvinopfuura kungopukunyuka ndangariro. Aya matekinoroji anopa zvakakosha muhuwandu hwesimba, kumhanya kwekuchaja, uye kuchinjika kwekushanda kunoenderana nezvinodiwa zvechizvino-zvino. Kumaapplication achiri kushandisa nickel-mabhatiri anoenderana, kuziva nezve memory effect kunoramba kwakakosha mukuwedzera kushanda nehupenyu.
Key Takeaways
Memory mhedzisiro inoderedza inoshandisika bhatiri huwandu kuburikidza neinodzokororwa chikamu chekuburitsa, kunyanya inobata mabhatiri eNiCd.
Chiitiko ichi chinobva kune crystalline maumbirwo anokura munzvimbo dzemagetsi emagetsi panguva isina kudzika bhasikoro.
Lithium-mabhatiri, kusanganisira madhizaini e-lithium polymer, haawane ndangariro chaidzo
Periodic conditioning inobatsira kudzivirira uye kudzosera kumashure ndangariro mhedzisiro mumhando dzebhatiri
Masisitimu emazuva ano ekugadzirisa mabhatiri anobvisa kudiwa kwekupindira nemaoko mumidziyo ine simba relithium{{0}
