Chii chinonzi Phase Change Materials?
Phase shanduko zvinhu (PCMs) zvinhu zvinotora uye kuburitsa huwandu hukuru hwesimba rinopisa panguva yekuchinja kwechikamu, kazhinji pakati penzvimbo dzakasimba uye dzemvura. Zvishandiso izvi zvinochengeta kupisa sesimba rakavanda kwete kungosimudza tembiricha, zvichivabvumira kuchengetedza tembiricha isingachinjiki vachichengeta kana kuburitsa huwandu hwakakosha hwesimba.
Mashandiro Anoita Phase Change Materials
Iyo meshini iri kuseri kwePCMs inomira pane latent kupisa kuchengetedza. Kana uchipisa aizi, inotora simba kuti ishanduke kubva pakasimba kuenda pamvura pa 0 digiri pasina tembiricha yakwira-iyi ndiyo nzira yekuchinja kwechikamu iyo PCMs inoshandisa kugadzirisa kupisa.
Munguva yekuchinja kwechikamu, maPCM anotora simba rekupisa (endothermic process) painonyunguduka nekuiburitsa (exothermic process) kana ichiomesa. Simba rinochengetwa pachiyero cheuniti rinopfuura nere rezvinhu zvakajairika. Mvura, semuenzaniso, inoda 333.55 J/g kunyunguduka, asi chete 4.18 J/g kukwidza tembiricha yayo nedhigirii rimwe chete. Uyu mutsauko we80-fold unoratidza kuti nei shanduko yechikamu chekuchengetedza ichinyanya kushanda kupfuura inonzwisisika kuchengetedza kupisa.
The phase shanduko tembiricha (PCT) ndiyo yakakosha parameter. MaPCM akasiyana anoshanda pamwero chaiwo wetembiricha-mamwe pa -5 madhigirii ekuchengetedza chando, mamwe anopfuura 150 madhigirii kumaindasitiri. Izvo zvinhu zvinoramba zviri paiyi tembiricha yekuchinja kudzamara shanduko yese yapera, ichipa kugadzikana kwekupisa.
Thermal conductivityinopa dambudziko guru. MaPCM akachena anowanzove ane conductivity yakaderera (0.2-0.5 W / m · K yeparafini), iyo inononoka kutengesa kupisa. Kugadzirisa izvi, mainjiniya anowedzera zvinhu zvinoitisa senge yakawedzera graphite, simbi furo, kana kabhoni nanotubes. Aya maPCM akaumbwa anogona kuwana maconductivity values anodarika 2.5 W/m·K uku achichengeta yakakwira yakadzika kupisa kugona.
Mhando dzePase Change Materials
Organic PCMs
Parafini wakisi inotonga chikamu ichi. Kubva mupetroleum, parafini inopa tembiricha yekuchinja kubva pa{4}}10℃kusvika 70℃. Vanoratidza kugadzikana kwemakemikari pamusoro pezviuru zvekudziya-kutenderera kwekutonhoresa, kusaodza zvinhu, uye kuenderana nezvakawanda zvemukati.
Parafini yekutengeserana yakajairika ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakatenderedza 28 madhigirii inochengeta ingangoita 200 kJ/kg yekupisa kwakadzikama. Izvo zvinhu hazvina supercool zvakanyanya uye zvinoratidza kushomeka kwechikamu kupatsanurwa. Zvisineyi, parafini ine zvimhingamupinyi zviviri: kudzika kwemafuta uye kupisa, zvichiita kuti dzisakodzere{4}}kupisa kupisa kwepamusoro.
Fatty acids inomiririra imwe organic class. Zvishandiso zvakaita selauric acid (inonyungudika 44 dhigirii) uye stearic acid (69 dhigirii) inoodza uye inotorwa kubva kune chirimwa kana mhuka. Vanopa latent heats pakati pe150-180 kJ/kg uye zvirinani kupisa conductivity pane parafini. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza fatty acids inochengetedza 95% yehutsi hwavo hwekuchengetera huwandu mushure me1,000 yekudziya kutenderera.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) inoshandisa maapplication anoda kuchinjika. Nehuremu hwemamorekuru kubva pa400 kusvika ku6,000, maPEG akasiyana anovhara tembiricha yekunyungudika kubva -10 madhigirii kusvika 65 madhigirii . Izvo zvinhu zvinosanganiswa zvakanaka nemapolymers emafomu-akatsiga maPCM asingadonhe kana ari mvura.
Inorganic PCMs
Mahydrates emunyu anopa kupisa kwepamusoro (0.5-0.8 W/m·K) uye kudziya kwakadzikama kupfuura zvinhu zvakasikwa. Sodium sulfate decahydrate (Glauber's salt), inonyunguduka pa 32℃, inochengetedza 254 kJ / kg-inenge 25% kupfuura inofananidzwa organic PCMs.
Dambudziko rekutanga ndiro supercooling. Munyu hydrates inogona kuramba iri mvura 10-15 dhigirii pazasi penzvimbo yavo yechando kunze kwekunge manucleating agents awedzerwa. Calcium chloride hexahydrate inoratidza 40℃supercooling pasina kurapwa. Vatsvakurudzi vanowedzera borax kana mamwe nucleators kuti atange crystallization pakupisa kwakakodzera.
Kupatsanurwa kwechikamu kunoitika kana munyu uye zvikamu zvemvura zvakapatsanurwa panguva inodzokororwa kutenderera, kuderera kwekuita. Chidzidzo che2024 naZhang chakawana kuti kuwedzera makobvu senge carboxymethyl cellulose kwakaderedza kupatsanurwa kwechikamu mucalcium chloride hexahydrate ne73% pamusoro pe500 mitsetse.
Metal alloys anoshanda-kupisa kwepamusoro. Aluminium-silicon alloys (kunyunguduka ~577℃) uye bismuth{4}}lead misanganiswa inoshanda mumagetsi ezuva. Idzi simbi dzinopa kudziya kwakasarudzika (20-80 W/m·K) asi inodhura zvakapetwa ka5-10 pane organic dzimwe nzira.
Eutectic Mixtures
Kubatanidza maviri kana anopfuura maPCM anogadzira eutectic zvinyorwa zvine optimized zvivakwa. Sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate musanganiswa (60:40 ratio) inonyunguduka pa220 degrees -yakaderera pane chero chikamu chisina chinhu-ichichengetedza 100 kJ/kg kupisa kwakadzikama. Uyu musanganiswa we "solar munyu" unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira magetsi ekupisa.
Bio-based eutectics iri kubuda. Misanganiswa ye capric uye lauric acids inonyungudika pakati pe15-25 madhigirii, yakanakira kuvaka tembiricha. Iyo 2025 musika data inoratidza bio-yakavakirwa PCM budiriro inokura pa20% pagore sezvo kuenderera kunetsa kuri kuwedzera.
Applications Across Industries
Kuvaka uye Kuvaka
Zvivakwa zvinodya makumi mana muzana esimba rose munyika dzakabudirira, sekureva kweUS department reMagetsi. Kubatanidza maPCM muzvivakwa zvekuvaka kunoderedza kushandiswa uku ne15-30% kuburikidza nepassive thermal regulation.
PCM-wallboard yakagadziridzwa inochengetedza tembiricha yemukati iri pakati pe20-26 madhigirii nekuyamwisa kupisa kwemasikati nekuiburitsa husiku. Chidzidzo chemamiriro ekunze emuEurope chakawana kuti kubatanidza PCM mugypsum board kwakaderedza kushandiswa kwesimba reHVAC ne28% pagore. Izvo zvinhu zvinochengeta kupisa kana tembiricha yekamuri inopfuura 23 dhigirii uye inoiburitsa kana tembiricha yadonha pazasi 21 dhigirii, ichigadzira inozvigadzirisa yekupisa buffer.
Concrete application inoratidza mhedzisiro inoshamisa. Tsvakiridzo yakaitwa paShanghai University yakaratidza kuti PCM-kongiri yakavandudza huwandu hwekuchengetedza kupisa ne50% zvichienzaniswa nekongiri yemazuva ese. Mumamiriro ekunze anopisa, PCM kongiri inodzivirira kupisa kwekupisa nekudzikamisa kusiyanisa kwetembiricha pane dzakakora zvimiro zvinhu.
Musika wepasi rose wekuvaka-maPCM akabatanidzwa akasvika madhora mazana mana nemakumi maviri muna 2024, achimiririra makumi matatu neshanu muzana emusika wePCM. Ichi chikamu chinotarisirwa kukura pa16.7% CAGR kuburikidza ne2030 sezvo makodhi ekuvaka egirini anowedzera kuomarara.
Battery Thermal Management
Lithium-mabhatiri eion anoburitsa kupisa kwakanyanya panguva yekuchaja{1}}kubuda mumagetsi, zvichiita kuti pave nematambudziko. The optimal operating range yemabhatiri mazhinji elithium-ion is 25-40℃; tembiricha pamusoro 50 dhigirii kukurumidza kudzikisira nepo pazasi 0 dhigirii, mukati kuramba kunowedzera zvakanyanya.
PCM{{0}based battery thermal management systems (BTMS) inogadzirisa izvi pasina kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunze. Iyo bhatiri paki inonyudzwa muPCM kana yakakomberedzwa nePCM jaketi. Munguva ye-simba rekushanda kukuru, PCM inotora kupisa kuburikidza nekunyunguduka, kuchengetedza tembiricha yebhatiri iri pasi pezvikumbaridzo zvakakosha.
Zvichangobva kuedza nelithium iron phosphate bhatirimapaketi anoratidza kushanda kwePCM. Chidzidzo che2025 chakaedza 500 Ah pouch mabhatiri ari pasi pe3C mareti ekuburitsa. Iyo PCM-metal foam hybrid system yaichengeta tembiricha yepamusoro iri pasi pe40.3℃ine tembiricha yakasiyana ye2.8 degrees chete mumaserungi. Tichienzanisa, masisitimu emhepo-akatonhodzwa akasvika padhigirii 48 ne17.2 madhigirii akasiyana.
Composite PCMs inowedzera kushanda. Parafini yakasanganiswa negraphite yakawedzerwa (10% nehuremu) inoita kupisa kwemafuta e2.56 W/m·K-kagumi{8}kunatsurudza pamusoro peparafini yakachena. Macomposites aya akadzikisa tembiricha yebhatiri ne25.77% pa4C mareti ekubuda uku achidzora kusiyana kwetembiricha yesero{{9}kusero mukati me5 degrees.
Musika wemotokari dzemagetsi unotyaira BTMS innovation. Nekutengesa kweEV kunofungidzirwa kuti kuchakura 18% pagore kusvika muna 2030, PCM{3}based thermal solutions inopa zvisingaite, dzimwe nzira dzakareruka kune dzinoshanda dzekutonhodza mvura. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza PCM masisitimu anowedzera chete 3-5% kune bhatiri pack uremu uchibvisa pombi uye yakaoma dzemvura.
Electronics Thermal Management
Yepamusoro{{0}magetsi emagetsi anotarisana nekupisa kwekushisa kunodarika 100 W/cm². Nzira dzechinyakare dzekutonhodza dzinonetsana nekuita miniaturization uye mitoro yepamusoro yekupisa. PCMs inopa kupisa kwekushisa panguva yekushandisa spikes.
Ma Smartphone processors anogadzira 8-12W panguva yebasa rakaoma. Mafirimu ePCM (0.5-1mm gobvu) akasanganiswa kuseri kwechiratidziro anotora kupisa uku, kudzivirira tembiricha yepasi kubva kudarika 42 degrees -chikumbaridzo chekusagadzikana kwemushandisi. Iyo PCM inonyunguduka panguva yakakwira-mutoro nguva uye inosimbisa panguva dzisina basa.
Data centers inomiririra nzvimbo huru yekushandisa. Masevha anosangana nekusiyana kwekupisa kwemafuta zvichienderana nekombuta yekuda. PCM inotonhorera masisitimu inoderedza tembiricha yepamusoro ne15-20 dhigirii ichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba remhepo ne30%. Nzvimbo iri muFrankfurt yakabatanidza PCM mune server rack dhizaini, inowana $280,000 pagore rekuchengetedza simba.
Textile uye Kupfeka Zvishandiso
Microencapsulated PCM mumachira anogadzira tembiricha-inogadzirisa zvipfeko. Spherical microcapsules (2-30 micrometers) ine parafini ine 28-32 madhigirii ekunyunguduka. Kana akarukwa kuita jira, makapisi aya anotora kupisa kwemuviri pamusoro petembiricha yekuchinja, achipa kutonhora kwekunzwa.
Zvipfeko zvemitambo zvinosanganisira PCM zvinoderedza kugadzirwa kwedikita kusvika ku48% zvichienderana nekuedzwa kwerabhoritari. Tekinoroji iyi inotambanukira kumashandisirwo ekurapa-maVheti ePCM anobatsira kugadzirisa tembiricha yemuviri kuvarwere vane thermoregulation disorder.
Mauto kunyorera anoshandisa PCM zvipfeko zvevarwi munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa. Mauto eUS akaedza majaketi ePCM anochengetedza tembiricha yakagadzikana kwemaawa 4-6 mumamiriro ekunze kubva -10 dhigirii kusvika 45 dhigirii pasina kupisa kana kutonhora.
Solar Energy Storage
Concentrated solar power (CSP) zvinomera zvinoshandisa maPCM kuchengetedza simba rekupisa. Munguva yemasikati, magirazi anotarisa chiedza chezuva kupisa PCM matangi ekuchengetedza. Kupisa kwakachengetedzwa kunoburitsa chiutsi chekushanda kweturbine zuva ranyura.
Munyu-maPCM anoshanda nesimba pa200-400 madhigirii anodiwa pakugadzira magetsi. Nzvimbo yeCSP muSpain inoshandisa 1,000 matani e sodium nitrate-potassium nitrate eutectic musanganiswa, kuchengetedza kupisa kwakakwana kugadzira magetsi kwemaawa manomwe nehafu zuva ranyura. Izvi zvinowedzera hwindo rekushanda kwechirimwa kubva pa6 kusvika kumaawa 13.5 zuva nezuva.
Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) masisitimu anobatanidza maPCM kuseri kwesolar panel. Panel kunyatsoshanda kunodonha 0.5% padhigirii Celsius pamusoro pe25 degree. PCM layers inotora kupisa kwakanyanya, kuchengetedza tembiricha yepaneru 10-15℃inotonhorera uye kugadzirisa magetsi kubuda ne8-12%. Kupisa kwakachengetwa kunogona kudzoserwa kugadzirwa kwemvura inopisa, ichiwedzera mashandiro ehurongwa hwese kusvika 65% maringe ne20% yeyakajairwa PV.
Cold Chain uye Packaging
PCM mafiriji anochengetedza tembiricha-mutoro unonzwikwa panguva yekufambisa. Makambani emishonga anoshandisa PCM mapaketi ane 2-8 dhigirii danho rekuchinja tembiricha yekutakura vaccine. Izvo zvinhu zvinopa 24-72 maawa ekudzora tembiricha pasina simba rekuisa.
Kudyidzana kwe2024 pakati peCold Chain Technologies neVPL Rx yakagadzira smart PCM kurongedza neyakasanganiswa tembiricha yekutarisa. Sisitimu inocheka kuparara kwejekiseni panguva yekutakurwa nezvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana zvichienzaniswa neaizi-inotonhorera. Nzira yePCM yakaderedzawo huremu hwekutakura ne35%, kuderedza mari yekufambisa uye carbon emissions.
Zvishandiso zveindasitiri yezvekudya zvinosanganisira PCM mapaneru mumarori efiriji. Aya mapaneru anotora kupisa panguva yekuvhurwa kwegonhi uye kunonoka kwekufambisa, kudzivirira kupisa kwekushisa. Miyedzo yemumunda yakaratidza kudzikiswa kwe60% mukushanduka kwetembiricha uye 20% kuderera kwemafuta ekushandisa kwemafiriji zvikamu.
Matambudziko Ounyanzvi uye Magadzirirwo
Low Thermal Conductivity
Pure organic PCMs haakonzerese kupisa-parafini pa 0.2 W/m·K inotora maawa kuti inyunguduke muzvikamu zvakakora. Nzira nhatu dzekutanga dzekusimudzira dzinogadzirisa izvi:
Yakawedzerwa graphite (EG)inogadzira conductive matrix. Apo PCM inopinda EG pores, iyo composite's thermal conductivity inowedzera 5-15 nguva. A 10% EG loading inokwidza parafini conductivity kubva 0.2 kusvika 2.5 W/m·K uku ichichengeta 85% yepakutanga latent heat.
Metal furo(aluminum, mhangura, nickel) inopa matatu-madimensional ekutamisa kupisa nzira. Foam yemhangura pa5 pores per inch (PPI) inowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kusvika pa8-12 W/m·K. Iyo yakavhurika-sero chimiro inobvumira PCM kupinza uku ichigadzira inoenderera simbi network yekuyerera kwekupisa.
Nanoparticle additiveskupararira kuburikidza nePCM. Carbon nanotubes pa3% uremu chikamu chinovandudza conductivity ne300-400%. Nekudaro, nanomaterials inowedzera viscosity uye yakaoma kugadzira.
Supercooling Prevention
Inorganic PCMs kazhinji inoramba iri mvura 5-20 dhigirii pazasi penzvimbo yavo yechando. Izvi zvinononotsa kupisa kuburitswa uye zvinoderedza kuita kwehurongwa. Mhinduro dzinosanganisira:
Nucleating agentskupa crystallization nzvimbo. Kuwedzera 2-5% borax kune sodium sulfate decahydrate inoderedza supercooling kubva pa12℃kusvika 2 degree. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles inoshanda senyukireya yemunyu hydrates pa 0.5-1% kurodha.
Kushata kwepamusoromumidziyo inosimudzira heterogeneous nucleation. Sandblasted aluminium midziyo inoratidza 65% yakaderera supercooling pane yakatsetseka.
Phase Separation
Mahydrates emunyu anopatsanurwa kuita munyu{{0}yakapfuma nemvura-zvikamu zvakapfuma mushure menguva yadzokororwa. Iyo munyu inogadzikana, ichigadzira dhizaini yekugadzira iyo inoderedza kuita.
Makobvu maajentisenge hydroxyethyl cellulose chengetedza kumiswa. Pa1-2% yekuisa, mapolymers aya anochengeta zvidimbu zvemunyu zvakagoverwa, zvichiwedzera kushanda kwakadzikama kusvika ku1, 000+ macycles maringe ne50-100 pasina kurapwa.
Kuwedzera mvurainotsiva kurasikirwa kwe stoichiometric. Kuwedzera 5-10% yakawandisa mvura kune calcium chloride hexahydrate inodzivirira kusimba kwakazara, kuchengetedza chikamu chemvura chinogonesa kusanganiswa.
Containment uye Leakage
Liquid PCMs inoda kuchengetwa kudzivirira kuvuza. Nzira nhatu dze encapsulation dzinogadzirisa izvi:
Microencapsulation(1-1000 mamicrometer) anopfekedza PCM mumakoko epolymer. Iwo macapsules anoramba akamira kana musimboti wanyunguduka, zvichiita kuti PCM ibatanidzwe muzvivakwa zvekuvaka, machira, kana macomposites. Zvigadzirwa zveShell zvinosanganisira melamine-formaldehyde, polyurethane, kana acrylic polymers.
Macroencapsulation uses larger containers (>1 cm). Zvikwama zvepurasitiki, makeni esimbi, kana machubhu egirazi anobata mavhoriyamu ePCM kubva pa50 mL kusvika pamarita akati wandei. Iyi nzira inokodzera centralized thermal storage asi inowedzera huremu hwemukati.
Fomu-yakagadzikana maPCMkubvisa midziyo zvachose. Iyo PCM inonyudzwa mumidziyo ine porous senge yakawedzera graphite, diatomaceous pasi, kana polymer foams. Capillary mauto uye kushushikana kwepasi kunochengeta iyo PCM yemvura mukati meiyo pore chimiro, kudzivirira kuvuza kunyangwe kana yanyungudika zvizere.
Kukura Kwemusika uye Nhungamiro
Current Market Status
Musika wepasi rose wePCM wakasvika pamadhora 1.6-3.0 bhiriyoni muna 2024 zvichienderana nekutsanangurwa kwemusika. Kukura kwekufungidzira kunobva pa11.5% kusvika 18% CAGR, inogona kusvika $4-10 bhiriyoni panosvika 2032-2033.
North America inotungamira ne $854.6 miriyoni mukutengesa kwePCM ye2024, inotarisirwa kukura kusvika kumadhora 3.1 bhiriyoni ne2033. Europe inotevera zvakanyanya painoda kusvika 40% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose. Asia{{6}Pacific inoratidza kukurumidza kukura-kunofambiswa neChina, Japan, neIndia-uko kugariswa mumaguta uye kushandiswa kwesimba rinomutsidzira kunowedzera kudiwa kwezvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa kupisa.
Vagadziri vakakosha vanosanganisira BASF, Honeywell, Rubitherm Technologies, Phase Change Energy Solutions, uye Dow. Nzvimbo yemakwikwi inoramba yakakamukana; hapana mutambi mumwe chete anodzora kupfuura 15% mugove wemusika. Kupatsanurwa uku kunoratidza hunhu hwePCM maapplication-maindasitiri akasiyana anoda maumbirwo akasiyana uye nzira dzekubatanidza.
Emerging Applications
Kutarisira kupisa kwezvokurapainomiririra musika usina kushandiswa. PCM vests inodzora kupisa kwemuviri kune varwere vane multiple sclerosis, vane kupisa kwekunzwa kunokanganisa kufamba. Miedzo yemakiriniki inoratidza zvipfeko zvePCM zvinowedzera nguva yebasa rekunze nemaawa 3-4 mumamiriro ezhizha.
Aerospace applicationsshandisa PCM's passive operation. Masatellite anonzwa kushanduka kwetembiricha kubva -150 dhigirii kusvika +150 madhigirii apo anotenderera pakati pechiedza chezuva nemumvuri. PCM masisitimu anochengetedza tembiricha yemidziyo mukati me ± 5 dhigirii pasina kushandisa simba. Iyo International Space Station inoshandisa PCM mapaneru ekudzora kupisa mumamodule ekuedzwa.
5G zvivakwakero dzekutonhodza kugadzira kupisa kubva ku-frequency electronics. Madiki maseru shongwe anorongedza akakosha simba rekombuta mumakompakiti akavharirwa. PCM yekutonhodza mhinduro inoderedza kushanda kwemhepo inofefetera ne40-50%, ichidzikisa mari yekushandisa uye kunatsiridza kuvimbika munzvimbo dzisina simba.
Material Innovation
Bio{{0}based PCMs inogadzirisa zvinonetsa. Zvinhu zvinobva mumafuta ezvirimwa kana chikafu{{2}magiredhi waxes zvinobvisa kusatsamira kwepetroleum uye zvinonatsiridza kupera{{3}kwe{4}}zvekuraramazve. Bio{{6}PCM musika wemugove uri kukura pa20% pagore, kunyange hazvo mitengo yekugadzira ichiramba iri 30-50% yakakwira pane dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira.
Solid-solid PCMs inobvisa matambudziko ekugadzirisa mvura. Izvi zvinhu zvinopinda crystalline chimiro chinoshanduka pasina kunyungudika. Polyethylene glycol-based solid-yakasimba PCMs inoshanda kubva -50 madhigirii kusvika +175 madhigirii nekudziya kwakadzikama kwe100-150 kJ/kg. Ivo vari kutsvaga maapplication mumachira akangwara uye anochinja ekuvaka zvivakwa uko kuvuza hakugone kutenderwa.
Nano-maPCM akakwenenzverwa anoenderera mberi. Basa richangoburwa negraphene uye MXene additives rinoratidza kuvandudzwa kwekupisa kwemafuta kunodarika 15-peta pakurodha 2-3% chete. Iwo ma nanomatadium zvakare anogonesa conductivity yemagetsi, kuvhura mikana yemagetsi-akakonzeresa PCM masisitimu.
Kuedza Mitemo
Indasitiri inoshaya zviyero zvekuyedza zvakabatana zvePCM kuita uye kusimba. Iyo International Energy Agency's Task 42 yakagadzira nhungamiro yekuyerwa kwenzvimbo inopisa, asi kutorwa kunoramba kuri kwekuzvidira. Kumisikidzwa kunosimudzira kukura kwemusika nekupa maitiro akavimbika evagadziri uye-vashandisi.
ISO iri kugadzira zviyero zvePCM-zvivakwa zvakavandudzwa, zvinotarisirwa kuburitswa muna 2025-2026. Aya mazinga anotsanangura mashoma ekuita maitiro, kuyedza maprotocol, uye chengetedzo zvinodiwa-kunyanya kukosha kwakapihwa nezvekuchengetedza moto zvine chekuita neorganic PCM.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peorganic uye inorganic PCM?
Organic PCMs (parafini, mafuta acids) inopa yakagadzikana kuita bhasikoro uye kushoma supercooling asi ine yakaderera yekupisa conductivity. Inorganic PCMs (munyu hydrates, simbi) inopa yakakwira conductivity uye yakadzikama kupisa asi inogona kuwana supercooling uye chikamu kupatsanurwa. Mutengo-ungwaru, organics kubva pa $2-8/kg ukuwo inorganics inotora $1-15/kg zvichienderana nekuchena zvinodiwa. Sarudzo inotsamira pane tembiricha yekushandisa, frequency yebhasikoro, uye yekupisa yekupindura nguva inoda.
Zvinhu zvekuchinja zvechikamu zvinogara kwenguva yakareba sei?
PCM longevity varies by type and operating conditions. High-quality paraffins maintain >90% kuita mushure me10,000 kutenderera. Mahydrates emunyu anowanza kuwana 1,000-3,000 macycle akavimbika asati ada kutsiviwa. Mukuvaka zvikumbiro ne 1 kutenderera pazuva, izvi zvinoshandura kumakore 3-27 ehupenyu hwebasa. Kuparara kunoitika kuburikidza nekuparara kwekemikari, kuparara kwemidziyo, kana kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kwemidziyo. Kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwePCM-container kusanganiswa kunowedzera hupenyu hwebasa zvakanyanya.
Ko maPCM anogona kushanda mukupisa kwakanyanya?
MaPCM anowanikwa kune tembiricha kubva -50 madhigirii kusvika +800 madhigirii. Kudzikira-kupisa kunoshandisa mvura-glycol musanganiswa kana organics organics. Yepamusoro-masisitimu ekupisa anoshandisa munyu wakanyungudutswa kana masimbi alloys. Kiyi yekufananidza PCM inonyungudika kune zvinodiwa zvekushandisa-kazhinji kusarudza PCT mukati me2-5 dhigirii yekushisa kwainotarirwa. Mamwe maapplication anoshandisa akawanda maPCM munhevedzano kuvhara yakafara tembiricha marenji kana kupa nhanho yekudziya mhinduro.
Zvinhu zvekuchinja chikamu zvakachengeteka here?
Kuchengetedza kunoenderana nePCM mhando uye mashandisirwo. Chikafu{{1}magiredhi ePCM (mamwe maasidhi emafuta, polyethylene glycol) haana muchetura-. Maparafini anogona kubaka-zvidziviriro zvemoto kana encapsulation kuderedza njodzi iyi. Mahydrates emunyu kazhinji akachengeteka asi mamwe anoshatisa ganda. Kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera kunodzivirira kuvuza uye kusangana kwakananga. Mvumo yemitemo inosiyana nenharaunda; semuenzaniso, kubvumidzwa kweFDA kunodiwa kune chikafu chekubata zvikumbiro muUnited States. Zvizhinji zvekutengesa PCM zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza data mapepa ane nhungamiro yekubata.
Iko kushanduka kwechikamu chekuchinja zvinhu kubva niche murabhoritari curiosities kune inogoneka yekutengeserana yekupisa manejimendi mhinduro inoratidza kukura kucherechedzwa kwe passive thermal control mabhenefiti. Kubatanidzwa kwePCM kunoenderera mberi nekuwedzera mumaindasitiri uko kugadzikana kwekushisa uye kugona kwesimba kuri pamberi. Nepo zvinonetsa zvakaita semutengo uye kusimba zvinoda kutariswa nguva dzose, iyo yakakosha fizikisi yeyakavharika kupisa kuchengetedza inoita kuti maPCM arambe akakodzera sezvo masisitimu emagetsi anoshanduka. Tekinoroji inopa kukosha kwakasimba mumashandisirwo ayo akajairwa masisitimu asingashande nekuda kwehuremu, simba, kana zvimhingamipinyi zvekuvimbika-kuita maPCM kwete imwe nzira yekutonhodza, asi kazhinji ndiyo chete mhinduro inoshanda kune mamwe matambudziko ekutarisira kupisa.
