Chii chinonzi Energy Recovery Mechanism muLithium Bhatiri?
SEPTA's 2019 yekumisikidza inokuudza zvese nezve kwatiri ne regenerative masisitimu. Vakadonhedza 1.5 MW lithium-bhanga reion pane chimwe chiteshi, vakaburitsa mari ingangoita $500,000 mugore rekutanga-hafu kubva pamitengo yakadzikira yemagetsi, hafu kubva kumisika yekudzora magetsi (scientificamerican.com). Kwete nokuti vakagadzira chimwe chinhu chitsva. Nekuti iyo electrochemistry yakazobata kusvika kune izvo zvaida mainjiniya ekufambisa kubva kuma1920s.
Magetsi emagetsi anomhanya achidzokera kumashure. Ndizvo. Kana EV yako ichidzika, mota inova jenareta. Kinetic simba rinoshandura kune razvino, ikozvino inoyerera ichipinda mupakiti, masero anozadza. Tinozvidaidza kuti regenerative braking, asi hapana chinoshamisira pafizikisi-kungoti tekinoroji yebhatiri yakapedza makumi emakore ichinonoka, ichidhura, kana kusasimba kuti ishande pamwero.
Dambudziko rekushanda hapana anotaura nezvaro
Apa ndipo pazvinonakidza. Motokari-se-kushanda kwejenareta kunoita 85-92%, zvinoenderana nekumhanya kwako uye mutoro wako. Inverter inotora imwe kucheka, yakatenderedza 95% kana yakagadzirwa nemazvo. Bhatiri richizvichaja pacharo? 90-95% pasi pemamiriro akanaka. Ibatanidze pamwe chete uye uri pa60-70% yakazara kuvandudza kugona.
Zvinonzwika zvakaipa kutozosvikira warangarira imwe nzira ndeye friction pads inoshandura zvese kuita tsvina inopisa. 60% yechinhu chinokunda 0% pasina.
Chinonyanya kumisa hurongwa hwese kugamuchirwa kwechaji. Lithium ion inofanira kutama kubva kucathode kuburikidza ne electrolyte, kupindirana mu graphite anode. Ndiko kupararira-kune nzira shoma. Simbisa ikozvino nekukasira kupfuura maion anogona kupindirana uye unowana lithium plating-metallic deposits pane anode pane kupindirana chaiko. Inouraya huwandu, marara kutenderera hupenyu, yakaipisisa kesi inogadzira mapfupi emukati.
C-reti inokuudza kuti sero rinogona kukurumidza sei kuchaja. 1C zvinoreva chaji yakazara muawa imwe chete. LFP chemistry inobata yakatsigira 1C pasina matambudziko. NMC yakafanana, inosiyana neine nickel zvirimo. LTO's the outlier-10C inotsigirwa nekuti anode chemistry inorasisa nyaya yeplating. Ndosaka iwe uchiona LTO mumashandisirwo ane hutsinye regen zvinodiwa, kunyangwe iyo simba density inotora hit.
Battery manejimendi ndiko kunogara mari
BMS haisi kungoongorora-iri kuita kupatsanura-zvechipiri sarudzo maererano nekugamuchirwa uye kugoverwa kwemapoka ese. Pack iri kusvika yakazara? Headroom ye regen current inonyangarika. Mazhinji masisitimu anotanga kudzikamisa kutenderedza 90-95% mamiriro echaji, kudzima zvachose pedyo nepamusoro voltage. Kana iwe wakatyaira EV, unoziva izvi: siya nzira yako ine bhatiri rakazara uye regen inonzwa kupera simba kwemaira mashoma ekutanga.
Tembiricha ndicho chimwe chinomanikidza hapana anoda kubata nacho. Pazasi pegumi dhigirii, ionic kufamba mu electrolyte inodonha. Masisitimu anoganhura regen ikozvino kudzivirira plating. Enda kunotonhora zvakakwana uye regen inovhara pasi zvachose kusvikira paki ichidziya.
Vashandi vemamiriro ekunze anotonhora vanoziva izvi-15 kusvika 20 maminetsi ekutyaira isati yakwana regen kugona kudzoka. SAE's AIR6897 inovhara divi remuchadenga reiyi, asi misimboti yakatenderedza kuchaja kutonga uye kudziya kwekutonga kunoshandura zvakananga kumotokari dzepasi.
Iko uko mitengo yekudzoreredza inonyanya kukosha
Urban passengers EVs? 15-25% kupora. Decent. Mabhazi emagetsi anoshanda nzira dzakagadziriswa? Ndiko kwazvinosvika pachokwadi. BYD mabhazi paAntelope Valley Transit Authority-37.3% kupora pamhando dze40-foot model, 40.2% pa60-foot yakataurwa. Iro basa kutenderera kwakaringana regen: kazhinji kudzikisira kubva kune inowirirana kumhanya.
Maindasitiri ekushandisa anomhanya akasiyana masvomhu. Forklifts inoramba ichisimudza{1}madhigirii ezasi, marori emigodhi achidzika kubva kugomba kuenda kunzvimbo yekugadziriswa ane mitoro yakazara. Iyo inogona kushandurwa simba mune izvo zviitiko inogona kuve yakakura.
Robin Zeng paCATL mafuremu izvi zviri nani kupfuura zvakawanda: mutengo pachiyero, kwete mutengo wepamberi (rolandberger.com). Isimba rakawanda sei iro bhatiri rinotakura, kureba kwarinotyaira, kuti rinoita sei pamusoro pehupenyu. Ndizvo zvakakosha pamaapplications eregen-kuti maseru anogona here kubata machaji nguva nenguva pasina kudzikisira.
The degradation curve inokatyamadza vanhu
Munofunga kuti -zvino zvino regen pulses zvingaita kuti kuchembera kukurumidze. Data inotaura zvakasiyana. Yepamusoro regenerative braking intensity inoenderana nekudzikira kwakadzikira. Mechanichani yakadzama yekubuda-kana regen ikatora simba rekudzikisira, bhatiri rinomhanya zvishoma, kudzika bhasikoro. Sezvo mvura yakadzika inodhiraivha inopera mu lithium-maseru eion, aggressive regen inogona kurebesa hupenyu.
Tembiricha panguva regen ichiri nyaya. Cold bhatiri yakaenzana neusimbe intercalation, yepamusoro plating mukana. Bhatiri rinopisa rinomhanyisa kuita kweparutivi pa electrode-electrolyte interface. BMS thermal modhi inogadzirisa inobvumidzwa regen ikozvino zvichienderana neyakafanotaurwa tembiricha yesero, asi modhi yechokwadi inotsamira zvakanyanya pakuiswa kwe sensor uye algorithm kuoma. Ndiko kwaunoona musiyano pakati pekushandisa zvakachipa uye zvakanaka.
Chemistry yakasarudzwa haina-saizi imwe-inokwana-ese. LFP inokupa hupenyu hwakanaka hwekutenderera uye kugadzikana kwemafuta pamitengo iri pakati nepakati yekuchaja-maapplication ezvikepe anoifarira. NMC inotengesa zvimwe zvacho kuti iwane simba repamusoro apo huremu nehuremu zvinomanikidzwa. LTO inopira simba density zvachose asi inokupa kubhadharisa kubvuma hapana chimwe chingaenderana. Mabhazi emudhorobha anogara achimira zvishoma{{8}kudzikira, mota dzekufambisa dzine track-day braking{10}}ndiyo ndima yeLTO.
Kubatanidzwa kweSystem kwakaoma kupfuura kutaridzika
Motor controller, inverter, BMS, mota inodzora unit-zvose zvinofanirwa kurongeka. Mutyairi anosimudza accelerator, iyo inogadzira chikumbiro che torque. Inoturikirwa kune motor current command. Inverter inobata kuyerera kwemagetsi kubva kumota kuenda kubhatiri. BMS inosimbisa kuti bhatiri rinogona kugamuchira ikozvino pasina kutyora miganhu yekudzivirira. Chero chikamu chinorova chinomanikidza uye uri kusanganisa friction braking kuchengetedza mwero wekuderera.
Shanduko pakati pe regen uye friction haina musono kubva pachigaro chemutyairi, asi kutonga algorithms kuseri kweiyo yakaoma. Unofanirawo kuona matching voltage-regen current magnitude zvinoenderana nemusiyano uripo pakati pemotor back-EMF ne battery pack voltage. Kumhanya kwemotokari kunoreva kukwira kumashure-EMF, inogona kudarika bhatiri rinonyanya kuchajisa voltage. Dhizaini chikamu chinofanira kuzvidavirira kune idzo nzvimbo dzekushandisa.
Akasanganiswa mabhureki masisitimu akajairwa izvozvi mumotokari dzekugadzira. Otomatiki chikamu pakati pe regen uye kukweshana, wedzera kupora uchichengeta mafambiro emotokari achifungidzira. Kuomarara ikoko kwakavandudzika zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura.
Izvi zvinorevei chaizvoizvo
Kufambira mberi mukushanda zvakanaka kwemotokari, dhizaini yemagetsi, chemistry yebhatiri, kutonga kwethermal, control algorithms-chero ipi zvayo yeiyi inofambisa tsono pakuita patsva. Iko kurongeka kwekushanda kweiyo yakazara sisitimu ndiyo inopa kudzoreredza simba.
Highway drive? Minimal regen mukana. Nzira dzakarebesa kudzika kana kuti dzinogara dzakamira? Kupora kwesimba kwakanyanya. Vafambisi vezvikepe vanoona hupenyu hwemabhureki hurefu zvakapetwa katatu kusvika kashanu kana zvichienzaniswa nemotokari dzemazuva ose-mabhureki anovhiringika mutsime-yakagadzirwa EV isinganyanyi kushandiswa mukutyaira mudhorobha.
Izvo zvakatanga sechipiri bhenefiti makumi maviri emakore apfuura zvave kukosha kune kukosha kwechirevo. Iyo fizikisi haina kuchinja. Tekinoroji yebhatiri inodiwa kushandisa iyo fizikisi zvinobudirira yakura. Ndiwo musiyano. SEPTA inogadzira hafu yemiriyoni pagore kubva pakuisa chiteshi chimwe chete-hazvisi zvekuvandudzwa kwenjanji, ndezvelithium-masisitimu eion akazokwanisa kutora zvagara zviripo.
