Chii chinonzi Thermal Management System?
Thermal Management System
Battery thermal management, zvichienderana nekukanganisa kwetembiricha pakuita kwebhatiri, zvakasanganiswa nemaitiro ebhatiri eelectrochemical uye magadzirirwo ekugadzira kupisa, uye yakadzikwa mune yakakwana yekuchaja/kuburitsa tembiricha yebhatiri rakati, i tekinoroji inogadzirisa kupera kwekupisa kana kutiza kwekupisa kunokonzerwa nekunyanya kukwira kana kuderera tembiricha panguva yekushanda kwebhatiri. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa dhizaini uye yakavakirwa muzvinhu zvesainzi, electrochemistry, kupisa kupisa, molecular dynamics, uye zvimwe zvidzidzo. Kuchengetedza inonzwisisika tembiricha renji kwakakosha kuti bhatiri paki ichengetedze kuita kwakanaka. Naizvozvo, kugadzira inonzwisisika yekudziya manejimendi yelithium-ion bhatiri packs zvakakosha zvikuru pakuvandudza kushanda kwese kwebhatiri system.
Iyo bhatiri pack thermal management system ine anotevera mabasa makuru mashanu: ① kuyerwa kwakaringana uye kutarisa kupisa kwebhatiri; ② inoshanda kupisa kupisa uye kufefetedza kana tembiricha yebhatiri yakakwira zvakanyanya; ③ kukurumidza kupisa pasi pe-mamiriro ekushisa; ④ kufefetera kunoshanda kana magasi anokuvadza agadzirwa; uye ⑤ kuve nechokwadi chekugovera tembiricha yakafanana mukati mebhatiri pack.
Battery Pack Thermal Management System Dhizaini Maitirwo
Yepamusoro-inoshanda bhatiri pack thermal management system inoda magadzirirwo akarongeka. Parizvino, akawanda madhizaini edhizaini masisitimu ekutonga aripo. Inonyanya kushandiswa ibheteri pack thermal management system yakagadzirwa neNational Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) muUnited States, ine maitiro ekugadzira anosanganisira matanho manomwe:
1) Ziva iwe pachako-caliber uye zvinodiwa zveiyo thermal management system. Zvichienderana netembiricha yebhatiri uye tembiricha yakafanira yekushanda, sarudza kuzvitonga-kasi yehutembiringa hwemagadzirirwo emafuta. Semuyenzaniso, tembiricha yakakodzera yekushandisa yelithium-mabhatiri emagetsi i10~40 digirii , ine yakaderera-inogumira tembiricha ye0℃uye yepamusoro{10}}inogumira tembiricha ye45 degrees. Naizvozvo, magadzirirwo eiyo thermal management system inofanirwa, painenge ichisangana nebhatiri yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha, kuyedza kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nebhatiri tembiricha yekushandisa.
2) Kuyera kana kufungidzira module kupisa chizvarwa uye kupisa huwandu. Kuburikidza nekuchaja kwebhatiri-kuyedzerwa nekubuda uye maverengero ekuenzanisa zvichienderana nekupisa kwebhatiri, tsvaga kupera kwekushisa kana simba rekudziya.
3) Kuongororwa kwekutanga kweiyo thermal management system, kusanganisira kusarudza svikiro rekutamisa kupisa uye kugadzira chimiro chekupisa kupisa. Kazhinji, kutonhora kwebhatiri kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekutonhora kwemhepo kana kutonhora kwemvura. Mhepo yekutonhodza masisitimu ari nyore muchimiro asi haashande; mvura yekutonhodza masisitimu yakaoma muchimiro asi inoshanda zvakanyanya. Kune zvakare nzira dzakasiyana dzekudziisa, sekutenderera kupisa kwemhepo inopisa, kuyerera kwemvura kuyerera, uye kunanga kupisa kwemwaranzi yekudziya kubva kunzvimbo inopisa.
4) Fungidzira maitiro ekupisa kwemodule uye bhatiri paki. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushanda kwebhatiri pack, fanotaura uye ongorora kupisa uye kupisa zvinodiwa panguva yekushandisa.
5) Yekutanga dhizaini yeiyo thermal management system. Zvichienderana neyakatemerwa kupisa svikiro uye yekudziya maitiro ekuongorora mhedzisiro, ita musimboti uye engineering dhizaini yeiyo thermal management system.
6) Gadzira uye edza iyo thermal management system. Gadzira masisitimu akayerwa{{2}pasi kana akazara-mabhatiri akakero uye bhatiri rekudzora kudziya kwemagetsi, uye woona kushanda nesimba kweiyo thermal management pasi pemamiriro ekushanda chaiwo pabhenji rekuyedza.
7) Gadzirisa iyo thermal management system. Kuvandudza uye gadzirisa iyo thermal manejimendi system zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuedza.
Chimiro uye kusarudzwa kweparameter mune yekugadzira maitiro eiyo thermal management system
Battery Thermal Field Calculation uye Temperature Prediction
Mabhatiri haasi akanaka conductors ekupisa. Kuziva chete kugovera kwekushisa kwepamusoro hakuna kukwana kuti unzwisise zvizere mamiriro emukati ekupisa kwebhatiri. Kuverenga tembiricha yemukati uchishandisa masvomhu uye kufanotaura mafambiro ekupisa kwebhatiri inhanho yakakosha pakugadzira masisitimu ekudzora kupisa kwebhatiri. Parizvino, mhando dzemasvomhu dzemazuva ose dzinosanganisira maviri-madimensional nematatu-mamodheru. Pakati peizvi, matatu-modhi yemhando, nekuda kwekururama kwayo uye kuchinjika, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumasisitimu akawanda ekugadzirisa kupisa kwebhatiri. Iyo modhi ndeyekutevera:
Ipo T ndiyo tembiricha;
ρ ndiyo avhareji density;
c_p ndiyo chaiyo yekupisa huwandu hwebhatiri;
λ_x, λ_y, λ_z ndiwo maitiro ekupisa kwebhatiri mu x, y, uye z nzira, zvichiteerana;
q chiyero chekugadzirwa kwekupisa pachiyero cheyuniti.
Thermal Management System Heat Dissipation Structure Design
Kusiyanisa kwematembiricha pakati pemamodule ebhatiri akasiyana mukati mebhokisi rebhatiri kunowedzera kusagadzikana mubhatiri yemukati kuramba uye kugona. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kutungamira pakuchajisa kana kupfuudza-kudzima mamwe mabhatiri, zvichikanganisa hupenyu hwawo uye kushanda kwawo, uye kugadzira njodzi. Kusiyana kwekushisa pakati pemamodule ebhatiri mukati mebhokisi rebhatiri kwakabatana zvakanyanya nebhatiri pack kuronga. Kazhinji, mabhatiri ari pakati anowanzo kuunganidza kupisa, nepo iwo ari kumacheto aine kupisa kuri nani. Naizvozvo, kana uchigadzira bhatiri paki chimiro uye kupisa kupisa, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekupisa kupisa kwakafanana. Kutora kutonhora kwemhepo semuenzaniso, pane kazhinji nzira mbiri dzekufemesa: dzakateedzana uye dzakafanana, kuve nechokwadi chekupisa kupisa kwakafanana. Dhizaini yekuyerera kwemhepo inofanirwa kutevedzera kune yakakosha masimboti emvura mechanics uye aerodynamics.
Kusarudzwa kweFans uye Tembiricha Yekuyera Mapoinzi
Paunenge uchigadzira bhatiri yekudziya yekutonga system, mhando uye simba re fan, huwandu hwematembiricha sensors, uye nzvimbo yekuyera nzvimbo inofanirwa kusarudzwa.
Kutora kutonhora kwemhepo semuenzaniso, paunenge uchigadzira iyo yekutonhodza sisitimu, uchiona imwe yekutonhodza mhedzisiro, kuyerera kwekudzivirira kunofanirwa kudzikiswa kudzikisa ruzha rwe fan uye mashandisiro emagetsi, nekudaro ichivandudza iyo yese system inoshanda. Kushandiswa kwesimba kwefani kunogona kufungidzirwa nekufungidzira kudonha kwekumanikidza uye mwero wekuyerera uchishandisa nzira dzekuyedza, theoretical calculation, uye fluid dynamics (CFD). Kana iyo inoyerera kuramba yakaderera, axial kuyerera mafeni anogona kutariswa; kana kuyerera kunopesana kwakakwira, mafeni ecentrifugal anonyanya kukodzera. Ehe, nzvimbo inogarwa nefani uye mutengo wayo unofanirwawo kutariswa. Kutsvaga iyo yakakwana fan control strategy zvakare rimwe remabasa eiyo thermal management system.
Iyo tembiricha yekugovera yebhatiri paki mukati mebhokisi rebhatiri kazhinji haina kuenzana, saka, zvinodikanwa kuti uzive nzvimbo yekupisa yekugovera yebhatiri paki pasi pemamiriro akasiyana kuti uone yakakosha tembiricha mapoinzi. Mamwe tembiricha sensors inopa yakawanda yakazara tembiricha kuyerwa, asi kuwedzera system mutengo uye kuoma. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu einjiniya, ne theoretically, finite element analysis, infrared thermal imaging mukuedza, kana chaiyo-time multi-point tembiricha monitoring inogona kushandiswa kuongorora uye kuyera thermal field distribution yebhatiri pack, bhatiri module, uye masero ega ega, kuona huwandu hwetembiricha yekuyera nzvimbo uye kutsvaga mapoinzi akakodzera munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Dhizaini yakajairwa inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha sensors haina kuoneswa kutonhora kuyerera kwemhepo kuti ivandudze iko kurongeka uye kugadzikana kwematembiricha kuyerwa. Paunenge uchigadzira bhatiri, nzvimbo inofanirwa kuchengeterwa tembiricha sensors; somuenzaniso, kuvhurika kwakakodzera kunogona kugadzirwa munzvimbo dzakakodzera. Iyo bhatiri paki yeToyota's Prius hybrid yemotokari yemagetsi ine mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemasere maseru, uye tembiricha yekutarisa inoitwa ne5 tembiricha sensors. Iyo yemagetsi bhazi simba bhatiri system yakagadzirwa neBeijing Institute of Technology inoshandisa 6 tembiricha yekuyera mapoinzi pabhokisi (ona nzvimbo yakatenderedzwa muFigure 8-16a), yakarongedzwa pamigero yakanaka uye yakaipa uye mutsara wemagetsi kubuda kwebhokisi rebhatiri, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 8-16.
Thermal Management System Dhizaini uye Implementation
Zvichienderana nesvikiro rekutamisa kupisa, kutonhora kwebhatiri pack thermal management system inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: kutonhora kwemhepo, kutonhora kwemvura, uye chikamu chekuchinja zvinhu kutonhora. Tichifunga nezvekutsvagisa kwezvinhu uye kusimudzira uye mutengo wekugadzira, iyo inonyanya kushanda uye inowanzoshandiswa kupisa kupisa sisitimu parizvino inoshandisa mhepo semhepo yekubvisa kupisa.
Zvichienderana nekupisa kwekupisa kuyerera kwemhepo, masisitimu ekutonhodza mhepo anogona kukamurwazve kuita mhando mbiri: nhevedzano yemhepo uye parallel ventilation, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 8-17 uye 8-18, zvichiteerana.
Mukutevedzana kwekugadzirisa, mweya unowanzo kuyerera kubva kune rimwe divi rebhatiri paki kuenda kune rimwe kuti ubvise kupisa. Nekudaro, kuyerera kwemhepo uku kunotakura kupisa kubva munzvimbo dzaanopfuura nekare kuenda kunzvimbo dzaanopfuura nadzo gare gare, zvichikonzera kusingawirirane tembiricha uye yakakura kusiyana kwekushisa. Mukugadzirisa kwakafanana, kuyerera kwemhepo pakati pemamodules kunokwira kumusoro, kugovera mhepo zvakanyanya kuenzana uye kuve nechokwadi chekusagadzikana kwekupisa kupisa mukati mebhatiri pack.
Thermal manejimendi masisitimu anogona kuiswa mune inongoita uye inoshanda masisitimu zvichienderana nekuti ine yemukati yekudziya kana yekutonhodza michina. Passive masisitimu haadhure uye anoda zvivakwa zviri nyore; masisitimu anoshanda akaomarara uye anoda simba rekuwedzera, asi anopa kuita kuri nani.
Figure 8-19, 8-20, uye 8-21 inoratidza schematic dhayagiramu yekushanda uye passive mhepo kudziyisa uye kupisa disipation zvimiro, zvichiteerana.
Mune Zvifananidzo 8-19 uye 8-20, kunyange zvazvo mhepo yakanyoroveswa uye ichipiswa nemhepo yemotokari yemhepo kana kupisa system, ichiri kuonekwa seyo passive system. Neiyi passive system, nekuda kwekusaenderana kwekushisa kwemhepo yakaunzwa ambient, mhepo yakadzikama inofanirwa kushanda mukati meimwe tembiricha yemhando (10 ~ 35 dhigirii) yekutonga kwakakodzera kwekupisa. Kushanda pasi pekutonhora kwakanyanya kana kupisa kunogona kukonzera kusaenzana kukuru mubhatiri pack.
Mukudziyisa masisitimu, kunze kwekuunza mhepo inopisa mubhatiri pack, dzimwe nzira dzinogona kushandiswa, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 8-22 ~ 8-25 (yemabhatiri eprismatic).
