Chii chinonzi Inverter?

Wanga uchishanda nezvinhu zvesolar kubvira 2021, wakaita kukanganisa kwese kwaungaite, chikwama chakareruka asi imba ine simba kana vavakidzani vasingadaro ... zvakakosha here?

Zvakanaka saka ... inverter.

Ini ndichaedza kutsanangura izvi ndisina kuwana tekinoroji yese nekuti chokwadi pandakatanga kutarisa musolar senge makore mana apfuura chinyorwa chese chandakaverenga chingave chakapusa ("inoshandura simba!") Saka regai tiwane chepakati pano.

Inverter inotora DC magetsi uye inoshandura kuita magetsi eAC. Ndiro basa rose.

DC=yakananga ikozvino (zvinogadzirwa nesolar panel, mabhatiri anochengetera chii)
AC=kuchinjanisa ikozvino (zvinoshandiswa nemba yako, zvinobuda muzvitoro)

Nei izvi zvine basa? Nekuti chaizvo zvese zviri mumba mako -- firiji yako, TV, runhare mbozha, iro rambi risinganzwisisike kubva kuIKEA - vese vanotarisira simba re AC. Asi masolar panel anokupa DC. Saka chimwe chinhu chinofanira kuishandura. Icho chinhu ndicho inverter.

Ndinoyeuka shamwari yangu Jake (ndiye akandipinza muchinhu ichi chezuva rose) akaedza kunditsanangurira izvi pane imwe barbecue uye ndakaita se "zvakanaka asi sei ma solar panels asingakwanisi kuita AC zvakananga?" uye akango... akandipa kutarisa uku. Zvinoratidza kuti fizikisi. Solar masero anogadzira DC. Period. Hazvigoni kuchinja izvozvo. Saka inverter iri.

Zvakanaka saka pane 3 mhando huru, pamwe 4 kana iwe uchida kusarudza nezvazvo.

Izvi ndizvo zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji. Bhokisi rimwe, kazhinji padivi pemba yako kana mugaraji, rinobata mapaneru ako ese.

Muvakidzani wangu Dave ane iyi setup. Ane mapaneru makumi maviri ndinofunga? Zvichida 18. Zvisinei, imwe inverter. Mutorerei kutenderedza madhora zana nemakumi masere eiyo inverter pachayo, uye imwe $1,200 kana zvakadaro yekuisa. Kambani yake yesolar yakaedza kumutengesa pamamicroinverters asi akange akafanana nah ini ndakanaka.

Inoshanda zvakanaka ... kusvikira zvisingaite. Hechino chinhu - kana iyo inverter imwe chete ikadonha (uye ivo vanodaro, kazhinji kutenderedza gore 10-ish kubva pane zvandaona), system yako yese iri pasi. Chete... hapana. Hapana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kusvika waiwana ichitsiviwa. Dave achiri kusimba mushure memakore matatu kunyangwe zvakadaroanogogodza pahuni.

Ah uye chimwe chinhu chine tambo inverters - kana pani imwe yakafukidzwa kana yakasviba kana shiri inonyura pairi (inoitika kupfuura zvaungafunga), inokwevera pasi tambo yese. Zvakafanana nemwenje weKisimusi kubva kuma90s apo girobhu rimwe rinofa uye tambo yese inosviba. Kwete kuti yakaipa asi musimboti wakafanana.

Saka pachinzvimbo cheimwe hombe inverter, iwe unoisa diki inverter kuseri kwepaneri yega yega. Imwe neimwe pani inoita yayo yega DC kune AC shanduko ipapo padenga.

Ndakaenda neEnphase microinverters. IQ8+ kana paine ane hanya nezve modhi. Kune yangu 15-panel system yaive...anotarisa marisiti ekare...$4,280 chete nokuda kwema microinverters. Ouch. Ehe. Nzira inodhura kupfuura tambo inverter ingadai yakave.

Asi heino chikonzero nei ndisingazvidembi zvachose:

Kana imwe pani ine nyaya, imwe 14 inoramba ichishanda zvakanaka. Panel kuzvimirira zvakanyanya.

Kutarisisa kunopenga -- Ndiri kuona chaizvo zviri kugadzirwa nepaneru yega yega munguva chaiyo pafoni yangu. (Hongu ndinoiongorora zuva nezuva. Hongu mudzimai wangu anondiseka nekuda kweizvi.)

Vanofanirwa kugara makore makumi maviri nemashanu vaine waranti saka ... muchirevo ini handizoite zvekunetsana navo.

Downsides?

Zvinodhura (ndazvitaura kare?)

Kana mumwe AKAFA, mumwe munhu anofanira kukwira padenga rako kuti aitsive. Ne tambo inverter iground-level box swap.

Iyo monitoring inova yakanyanyisa. Sekuziva kwandinoita zvino kuti nzvimbo yangu yekumabvazuva-yakatarisana nepaneti #4 inoburitsa 8% zvishoma pane yainofanira uye zvinondipengesa asi hazvina kukwana kuti ndiite chero chinhu nezvazvo.

Aya ndiwo anokwanisa kubata ese solar NE mabhatiri.

Kana iwe uri kuwana chimwe chinhu chakaita seTesla Powerwall kana iwo mabhatiri eEnphase kana chero, iwe unoda imwe yeiyi. Kana kuti chaizvo -- plot twist - iyo Powerwall 3 ine iyi yakavakirwa IN iyo inotsvedza. Iwe hausi kubatanidza zvidimbu zvakawanda pamwechete.

Ini handina kuenda nenzira iyi pakutanga nekuti mabhatiri aive akapusa achidhura muna 2021. Se $15k yebhatiri chete pamwe nekuisa. Ndainge ndave kutobuda ropa pamapanera nemamicroinverters saka ndakaita sekuti hongu aiwa ngatimborebei izvozvi.

Nekukurumidza kusvika gore rapfuura (2024) uye takave nekudzima kwemagetsi muzhizha, uye ndakagara ipapo nemadhora makumi maviri nemashanu emadhora ezuva asingakwanise kuchengetedza firiji yangu ichimhanya nekuti inodzima -inodzima kana grid ichidzikira (chinhu chekuchengetedza, chinodzivirira vashandi vemagetsi, ndinoiwana asi ndichiri kuyamwa), uye ndiri kufunga kuti pamwe ndawana bhatiri.

Nanhasi handisati ndadhonza trigger pairi. Zvakafanana neimwe $ 12-15k uye ini ndinofanira kugonesa mukadzi wangu kuti "zvakakosha" zvinova zvakaoma kutengesa apo simba rinongobuda kashoma pagore.

Inverter

Zvakanaka saka ma inverters ane magetsi akayerwa mu watts kana kilowatts. Iwe unofanirwa kuenzanisa izvi ne ... zvakanaka, kune simba rakawanda raungashandisa kamwechete.

Shamwari dzangu inverter tambo dzinowanzova ne5kW kana 6kW inverters. My microinverter setup tekinoroji inoita 3.96kW yakazara (264W papaneru x 15 mapaneru) asi haina kunyatsofanana nekuti ...

Chinokosha ndechekuti: Inogona kumhanyisa zvinhu zvako zvese?

Ngatiti uri kumhanya:

Firiji (700W inomhanya, asi se2000W kana compressor ichirova - hongu ndicho chinhu)

Microwave (1200W)

Mwenje (pamwe 100W kana uri kushandisa maLEDs aunofanirwa kunge uri)

TV + router + chero (300W)

Window AC unit (1500W)

Ndiyo 3800W inoenderera kana zvese zvichimhanya kamwechete, asi iyo firiji yekutanga kuvhiya inokuendesa ku5100W kwesekondi.

Saka iwe unoda inverter inokwanisa kubata kanenge kuenderera mutoro, uye zvine musoro ine imwe headroom yeaya ekutanga masurgery. Mazhinji ane hunhu inverters anogona kubata 120-150% kuvhiya kwemasekonzi mashoma.

Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma - zvakanaka, kwete ini, asi shamwari yangu Tom. Akawana yakachipa 3000W inverter yeRV solar setup yake uye akashamisika kuti sei yakaramba ichidzima paakamhanyisa microwave. Inoshandura microwave yake yakadhonza 1200W asi inverter yaingokwanisa kuita 3000W kuenderera uye yaive neshitty surge yekubata. Firiji yake plus microwave pamwe chete zvaipfuura zvaigona kubata. $300 inverter pasi pemvura, yaifanira kukwidziridza kusvika ku4000W unit.

Nzvimbo zhinji dzinogara solar "grid-yakasungwa" zvichireva kuti inverter yako inowirirana negridi yekushandisa. Vanoshanda pamwe chete. Paunoita simba rakawanda kupfuura raunoshandisa, yakawandisa inoenda kune grid (uye zvichienderana nekushandisa kwako, unowana zvikwereti). Paunenge uchida simba rakawanda kupfuura rauri kugadzira, unodhonza kubva kune grid.

Izvi ndizvo zvandinazvo. Inoshanda zvikuru 99% yenguva.

Asi -- uye izvi zvakakosha -- grid-yakasungwa inverters inovhara OFF kana grid ichidzika. Kunyangwe kuri kupenya kwezuva uye mapaneru ako ari kuburitsa simba. Iyo inverter haioni grid chiratidzo uye inoenda "kwete, ndabuda" uye inovhara.

Handina kunzwisisa izvi pandakatanga kuwana solar. Ndaifunga kuti solar panel dzaireva kuti ndaizova nemagetsi panguva yekudzima. WRONG. Unoda bhatiri system ine yakakosha yekuchinjisa switch kuti uchengetedze simba panguva yekudzima. Ndicho chinhu chakaparadzana chose chinoda mari yakawanda.

Kune zvakare kudzimwa-grid inverters kumakabhini uye zvinhu zvisina kubatana kune utility zvachose, asi handizvo zvinodiwa nevanhu vazhinji. Idzo dzakanyanya kuoma nekuti dzinofanirwa kubata zvese ivo pachavo -- kugadzira iyo 60Hz AC frequency, manejimendi emagetsi, nezvimwe. Iwo akasungirirwa grid anongoenderana kune izvo zvagara zviripo.

Inverters haisi 100% inoshanda. Rimwe simba rinorasika sekupisa panguva yekutendeuka. Inongova fizikisi.

Mazhinji ma inverters akanaka ari 96-97% anoshanda. Vamwe vanoti 98% (Enphase inoti 97.6% yangu).

Izvi zvine basa here? Ehhh... kinda?

Sepabepa, 96% inverter inoshanda zvakanaka vs 98% inoshanda imwe -- pa10,000 kWh/year system inova 200 kWh musiyano. Pa $0.15/kWh ndiyo $30/gore. Kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu iyo $750. Kwete chinhu, asiwo kwete dhiri-breaker.

Chandinofunga kuti chakakosha ZVAKAWANDA kunyatsoshanda pamutoro wechikamu. Mamwe ma inverters anoshanda zvakanyanya pamagetsi max asi obva adonha kuda 85% inoshanda paunenge uchingodhonza 10% yesimba rakayerwa. Izvo zvakanyanya kukosha nekuti kazhinji yenguva hausi kuwedzera kunze sisitimu -- iwe uri kugadzira / kushandisa chikamu chesimba.

Asi chokwadi ... Handirasikirwe nehope pamusoro peizvi. Kana iwe uri kutarisa ma inverters mu95-98% renji, wakanaka. Usaite kuti solar forum nerds ikuudze neimwe nzira (uye ini ndinotaura izvozvo semunhu anga ari mutsigiri uya achipokana nezve izvi online na2am).

Inverter

Apa ndipo pandakasvirwa zvishoma. Iyo inverter quote yaive chinhu chimwe. Mutengo chaiwo wekupedzisira waiva ... wakasiyana.

My solar installation quote yakati:

15 mapaneru: $12,000

Microinverters: $4,280

Kuisa basa: $3,500

Zvibvumirano: $400

Zvose: $20,180

Mutengo chaiwo wekupedzisira: $24,680

Sei? Nokuti:

Peneru yangu yemagetsi yaida kukwidziridzwa ($1,800 -- yanga iri yekare 100A panel, yaidiwa 200A)

Panodiwa diki-panel rekuchengeta masekete "tiripo" ($750)

Mari yekuongorora dhorobha yaive yakakwira kupfuura inofungidzirwa ($150 yekuwedzera)

Imwe nzira yekumhanya yakaguma yave yakareba kupfuura yaitarisirwa ($300)

Random misc zvinhu ($400)

Handisi kuti vakandinyengedza - zvizhinji zveizvi zvaive zvinhu zvepamutemo zvakauya panguva yekuiswa. Asi ndinoshuva kuti dai mumwe munhu andiudza bhajeti yekuwedzera 20% ye "zvinhu zvinouya."

Zvakare -- uye iyi ingangove nharaunda yangu -- asi kuwana maremiti kwakatora HERE. Semasvondo matanhatu. Kuiswa kwacho kwaiva kwemazuva maviri. Kumirira kubvumidzwa kweguta waive mwedzi nehafu. Ronga izvozvo.

String inverters: kazhinji 10-12 gore waranti, inogona kuwedzera kusvika ku20-25 makore pamubhadharo.

Microinverters: Kazhinji 25 makore akajairwa

Hechino chinhu chacho -- waranti yakanaka chete sekambani inoitsigira. Ndakaona makambani matatu emagetsi achiparara mumakore mashanu apfuura. Kana iwe uine waranti kubva kune kambani isisipo, makorokoto, une bepa risingabatsiri.

Ramba nemazita makuru:

Enphase (microinverters)

SolarEdge (tambo inverters + optimizers)

SMA (tambo inverters)

Fronius (tambo inverters)

Generac (yakasanganiswa/bhatiri inverters)

Pane zvingachipa here? Hongu. Unofanira kuisa pangozi here? handidi. Muvakidzani wangu haana-zita reChinese inverter kuchengetedza $600. Yakafa mugore rechitatu. Company haisisipo. Akabhadhara $1,400 kuitsiva neSolarEdge. Upfumi hwenhema.

Ini ndinoshandisa Enphase app mazuva ese. Sezvandambotaura, mudzimai wangu anondiseka nekuda kweizvi, asi chero.

Unogona kuona:

Kugadzirwa kwepanera yega yega nenguva-chaiyo

Nhoroondo data inoenda kumashure makore

Ndeapi mapaneru ari kuita zvishoma

Zviziviso zvehutano zvehurongwa

Inobatsira zvechokwadi. Semwedzi wapfuura ndakaona pani 7 yadonha kusvika ku60% yezvayakajairwa kubuda. Zvakaratidza kuti bazi remuti rakanga rawira pairi panguva yedutu. Pasina kutariswa ndingadai ndisina kuona kwemavhiki.

Iyo data nerd mandiri inoda zvinhu izvi. Ndine maspredishiti. Ini ndinoteedzera kusiyanisa kwemwaka. Ndinoziva kuti system yangu inogadzira 1,247 kWh muna Chikunguru paavhareji uye 412 kWh muna Zvita. Ndiri... ndingava nedambudziko.

Asi zvakare isystem YAKO, wakabhadhara mari yakanaka kwayo, ungangozivawo mafambiro airi kuita.

WiFi yekubatanidza- Inverter yangu inorasikirwa nekubatana neWiFi kamwechete pamwedzi. Inofanira kuigadzirisa zvakare. Dambudziko rekutanga renyika asi rinoshungurudza. Ndakadzidza kungorarama nazvo.

Firmware updates- Enphase inosundidzira zvigadziriso dzimwe nguva uye dzimwe nguva vanodhinha chimwe chinhu. Zvakaitika kune nhume yangu (iyo hub yekukurukurirana) kamwe, yaifanira kutora tech kuti igadzirise zvakare. Izvozvo zvainakidza (zvaisanakidza).

Overheating-- Kana inverter yako iri muzuva rakananga kana kuti munzvimbo yakavharirwa, inopisa nekupisa kana kudzima. Yangu iri mugaraji inogara yakatonhorera asi shamwari yangu tambo inverter iri pamadziro akatarisana nezasi uye ane nyaya muzhizha. Vapei mumvuri kana muchikwanisa.

Grid disconnect nyaya- Dzimwe nguva inverter inofunga kuti inoona dambudziko regidhi kana pasina imwe uye inovhara. Zvakaitika kwandiri kaviri mumakore mana. Kazhinji inongoda kusetwa patsva.

Kurumidza kudzima zvinotsamwisa-- Kodhi nyowani inoda kukurumidza kuvhara mamodule (saka vanodzima moto vanogona kuuraya system yako nekukurumidza kana zvichidikanwa). Izvi dzimwe nguva zvenhema-zvinokonzeresa. Kurwadziwa kwembongoro kugadzirisa dambudziko nekuti makodhi ezvikanganiso ari cryptic.

Hapana chimwe cheizvi kuguma kwenyika, kungo ... hupenyu chaihwo zvinhu zvinoitika.

Inverter

anotambanudza zvigunwe nekuti izvi zviri kureba

Tarisai, ini ndiri $24,680 mune ino solar chinhu. Mabhiri angu emagetsi akabva paavhareji yemadhora zana nemakumi masere pamwedzi kuenda kuUS $15 yekubatanidza mubhadharo. Saka ndiri kuchengetedza mari ingangoita $165/mwedzi=$1,980/gore.

Nguva yekubhadhara: 12.5 makore

Wedzera mubhatiri ini ndingangozopedzisira ndawana: zvakanyanya senge 18-20 gore rekubhadhara.

Nezvemari? Zvakanaka. Hazvishamisi. handisi kupfuma pane izvi. Asi mumakore gumi apo magetsi evavakidzani vangu akwira 50% (zvinoita sezvingabvira) uye wangu haana, zvinoratidzika zviri nani.

Zvisiri-zvikonzero zvemari zvandinofara kuti ndakazviita:

Mhosva yezvakatipoteredza inoderedzwa

Ndinonzwa zvakanaka kugadzira simba rangu

Inonakidza tech toy yekutamba nayo (iyo yekutarisa, iyo optimization, zvese izvo)

Kana grid yadzikira uye ini pakupedzisira ndinowana iyo bhatiri ... smug kugutsikana

Zvisiri-zvikonzero zvemari zvandinombodemba:

Kupenga kutsvene kwaidhura

Hazvisi se "zviise uye uzvikanganwe" sezvandaitarisira

HOA yakandipa kusuwa nezve mapaneru (takazvigadzirisa asi zvakadaro)

Iyo inverter chaiyo? Enda nemhando. Ndiyo yangu huru yekutora. Usaite zvakachipa kunze. Wana monitoring. Saizi yacho nemazvo. Uye bhajeti yakawanda kupfuura yavanokutora nekuti chimwe chinhu chinogara chichiuya.

Chimwe Chinhu Chandinoda Kuziva Kare

Ah uye kana iwe uchizopedzisira wawana bhatiri pasi pemutsara - tarisa mukatiionic lithium bhatirizvisarudzo. Iwo akareruka, anochaja nekukasira, uye haana nyaya dzekutiza dzekupisa mamwe machemistries ebhatiri ekare. Ndinoshuva kuti dai mumwe munhu ataura izvozvo kwandiri ndisati ndatanga kuburitsa mutengo{{2}asidhi yekuchengetedza masisitimu emubako.