Chii chinonzi Motor Efficiency?

Kushanda kwemota kunoyera kuti mota yemagetsi inoshandura sei simba remagetsi kuita magetsi emagetsi. Huyero hwemagetsi emagetsi ekubuda kune magetsi ekuisa magetsi anowanzo kubva pa70% kusvika 96%, neiyo isina kupinduka simba inorasika sekupisa, kukwesha, uye mamwe mafomu.

Mazuva ano magetsi emagetsi emagetsi anosvika makumi mana neshanu muzana ekushandiswa kwemagetsi epasi rose, zvichiita kuvandudzwa kwakanaka kwakakosha kune zvese kuchengetedza mutengo uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvishandiso zvemotokari yemagetsi zvinoda kunyange kushanda kwepamusoro, kupilithium motokari bhatirimasisitimu anoshanda tandem nemamotor kuwana 90%+ kunyatsoshanda pamamiriro mazhinji ekushanda.

Iko kuverengera kwehunyanzvi hwekuverenga kunopatsanura simba rekubuda nemagetsi ekuisa. Kune mota inodhirowa chiuru chewatts emagetsi emagetsi uye kuendesa 850 watts emagetsi emagetsi, kunyatsoshanda kwakaenzana ne85%. Iyi yakatwasuka chiyero inovhara kuomarara kwakakura mukuti kurasikirwa kunoitika sei mukati mekushanda kwemota.

Kubudirira kunogona kuverengerwa zvakananga kuburikidza nechiyero chesimba kana zvisina kunanga nekuyera kurasikirwa. Iyo isina kunanga nzira inoverengera marudzi mashanu akasiyana ekurasikirwa anotsanangurwa neIEEE 112 Chitsauko 5: kurasikirwa kwestator, kurasikirwa nerotor, kurasikirwa kukuru, kurasikirwa kwemhepo uye kukweshana, uye kurasika kurasikirwa kwemutoro. Imwe neimwe inopa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemota, mamiriro ekutakura, uye kumhanya kwekushanda.

Mota zhinji dzinowana kugona kwepamusoro pakati pe50% ne100% yemutoro wakayerwa, nenzvimbo inotapira inowanzotenderedza 75% yehuwandu hwakayerwa. Motokari gumi-horsepower inoshanda zvakanyanya paanenge 7.5 horsepower, kunyangwe iyi nhanho ichisiyana nekukura kwemota uye mhando. Pazasi pe50% mutoro, kushanda zvakanaka kunodonha zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti mota yakafanira saizi yakakosha pakuchengetedza simba.

Motor Efficiency

Kurasikirwa kwesimba kunoshanduka kuita kupisa pane basa rinobatsira. Kunzwisisa kuti kurasikirwa uku kunoitika kupi kunogonesa kuvandudzwa kwakanangwa.

Kurasikirwa kweMhangura (I²R Kurasikirwa)

Kuramba kwemagetsi mu stator uye rotor windings kunogadzira kupisa kwakaenzana nekona yezvino. Paunotanga motokari kubva pakuzorora, motokari inogona kudhonza 500 amperes kuburikidza nemhepo ine 40 milliohms resistance, ichigadzira 10 kilowatts yekurasikirwa. Sezvo shaft isingashanduke panguva yekutanga, kushanda zvakanaka kunoswedera zero kunyangwe mashandisiro makuru emagetsi. Uku kurasikirwa kwemhangura kunomiririra chikamu chikuru chekurasikirwa chimwe mumamotor mazhinji, achiverengera 55-60% yekurasikirwa kwakazara mumagadzirirwo akajairwa.

Kushandisa mhangura kwete aruminiyamu muma windings kunoderedza kuramba ne 30%, kunyangwe nemutengo wepamusoro wezvinhu. Motokari dzemhando yepamusoro dzine 25% yemhangura kupfuura mhando dzemazuva ese, dzichitengesera mari dzepamberi kwenguva refu-yekuchengetedza magetsi. Mumotokari dzemagetsi dzinofambiswa nelithium mota bhatiri packs, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemhangura kunowedzera zvakananga kutyaira.

Kurasikirwa kwakakosha (Kurasikirwa kwesimbi)

Iyo magineti musimboti inosangana ne hysteresis uye eddy yazvino kurasikirwa sezvo magineti ayo anoramba achichinja polarity. Kurasika kweHysteresis kunobva mukukweshana kwemamorekuru semagineti madhimeni anochinjika kune yega yega AC kutenderera. Eddy mafungu anoyerera mumapateni akatenderera kuburikidza nesimbi yakanyungudutswa yesimbi, ichigadzira kupisa kwakaenzana kune flux density uye switching frequency.

Yakakwira{{0}giredhi simbi yesilicon ine mwenje mutete inoderedza nzira dzese dzekurasika. Mota dzepamberi dzinoshandisa laminations 0.35mm gobvu kana kushoma, zvichienzaniswa ne0.5mm mumagadzirirwo akajairwa. Mamwe mamotor ekuedza anoshandisa nanocrystalline kana amorphous simbi inosvika ku70% kudzikiswa mukurasikirwa kukuru, ichidonha kubva pa1.4 watts pakirogiramu kuenda ku0.4 watts pakirogiramu. Izvi zvekunze zvinhu zvinodhura zvakanyanya uye zviripo zvekugadzira zvinonetsa asi kusundira kushanda zvakanaka kune theoretical 99% sirin'i.

Kurasikirwa kwepakati kunoramba kusingaite zvisinei nemutoro, kusiyana nekurasikirwa kwemhangura kunosiyana neazvino squared. Pamutoro wakareruka, kurasikirwa kwepakati kwakamisikidzwa kunotonga, kutsanangura kuti nei kunyatsoshanda kwemota kuchidzika pasi pe50% yakayerwa kugona.

Mechanical Losses

Kutakura kupokana uye kuramba kwemhepo (windage) kunopedza magetsi emagetsi. Kurasikirwa kwefriction kunokwira zvakatevedzana nekumhanya, ukuwo windage ichikura secube yekutenderera velocity. Motokari inorasikirwa nemawatts gumi kuenda kumhepo pa1,000 RPM inorasikirwa nemawati makumi masere pa2,000 RPM, 640 watts pa4,000 RPM, uye 5,120 watts pa8,000 RPM.

Iyi cubic hukama inogadzira sirin'i inoshanda yekumhanyisa mota. Motokari dzemagetsi dzinowanzoshanda pakati pe10,000 ne18,000 RPM, kunyange zvazvo mamwe madhizaini akakwira{5}}inosvika 20,000 RPM. Kupfuura chiyero ichi, kurasikirwa kwemhepo kunowandisa kubudirira kwesimba kubva kune yakawedzera simba density.

Yakaderera{{0}mabhengi ekukweshana uye kunyatsodzikamisa kunoderedza kurasikirwa kwemuchina. Premium motors inowana kushivirira kwakasimba, kuderedza mhepo mikaha pakati pe rotor uye stator kubva kune yakajairwa 0.5mm kusvika 0.3mm kana pasi. Kuswedera uku kunowedzera magineti kubatanidza kushanda zvakanaka asi kunoda kugadzirwa kwepamberi.

Stray Losses

Harmonic distortions, magineti flux leakage, uye mamwe echipiri mhedzisiro anokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwasara. Izvi zvinomiririra 10-15% yezvese kurasikirwa asi zvichiratidza kuti zvakaoma kuverenga chaizvo. Variable frequency drives inogona kuwedzera kurasika kurasikirwa kuburikidza neHarmonic chizvarwa, kunyangwe yemazuva ano pulse-width modulation matekiniki anoderedza izvi.

Mamiriro ekunze anoshanda zvakanaka anobatsira kutsanangura uye kuenzanisa mota. Iyo IEC 60034-30-1 yakajairwa inotsanangura makirasi ekubudirira IE1 kuburikidza neIE4, ine nhamba dzepamusoro dzinoratidza kushanda kwepamusoro. IE5 yakarongwa yakananga 20% yakaderera kurasikirwa pane IE4.

Kunyatsoshanda zvakanaka (IE1)

Magadzirirwo enhaka anosangana nezvinodiwa zvishoma. Mazhinji injini dzeIE1 dzakabviswa mumisika yakasimukira nekuda kwemirau inoshanda. Aya mamotor anorasikirwa ne10-15% yesimba rekuisa kune akasiyana kurasikirwa uye anowanzo shanda chete akasarudzika maapplication uko kushanda nesimba kunokosha zvishoma pane zvimwe zvinhu.

Kunyatsogona (IE2)

Magadzirirwo akavandudzwa achishandisa zvirinani zvinhu uye kushivirira kwakasimba. IE2 mota dzinoderedza kurasikirwa nezvikamu gumi neshanu-20% zvichienzaniswa neIE1 zvakaenzana. Nekudaro, kuisirwa kutsva muEuropean Union kunofanirwa kusangana neIE3 zviyero kana kupfuura, zvichiita kuti IE2 mota dziwedzere kushomeka mumaindasitiri ekushandisa.

Kubudirira Kwepamusoro (IE3)

Yazvino mwero weakawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa munyika dzakabudirira. IE3 mota dzinosanganisira 20-25% yemhangura yakawanda mumahwindi, inoshandisa simbi yepamusoro-giredhi yemagetsi, uye ine madhizaini akakwenenzverwa edunhu. Kurasikirwa kwakazara kunowanzo mhanya 20-30% yakaderera pane IE2 mota dzesimba rakaenzana.

Mitemo yeEU yaida kuti mota dzese dziri pakati pe0.75kW ne375kW dzizadzise zviyero zveIE3 panosvika 2021. Chiyero chakawedzerwa kusvika 1,000kW uye parizvino chinosanganisira ATEX-yakayerwa mota, mabhureki, uye mamwe madhizaini ekutonhodza. IE3 kutevedza inomiririra hwaro hwesimba-vanoziva zvivakwa.

Super Premium Kubudirira (IE4)

Dhizaini dzepamberi dzinosvika kumiganhu inoshanda yeyakajairwa mota tekinoroji. IE4 mota dzinowana dzinenge 15-20% yakaderera kurasikirwa pane yakaenzana neIE3. Kugadzira kunoda zvinhu zveprimiyamu, kuungana chaiko, uye kazhinji hombe dzemuviri kuti dzigare yakawedzera mhangura nesimbi yepakati.

Mitemo yeEU inorayira kuti IE4 itevedzwe -chikamu, 2-6 pole, imwe-mota dzinomhanya dzakapihwa 75-200kW, kutanga muna Chikunguru 2023. Izvi zvinokanganisa misimboti isina{8}}inodzivirirwa uye mota dzemaindasitiri dzine chinangwa chikuru. Kuchinja kuIE4 kunomiririra kuvandudzwa kwe20% pane IE3 kuita.

Ultra Premium Kubudirira (IE5) uye Beyond

WEG nguva pfupi yadarika yakatanga iyo W23 Sync +Ultra mota inowana IE6 kuita uye nekupfuura. Aya mamotor anoratidza 20% kurasikirwa kwakaderera pane IE5 zviyero, achityora zvakapfuura zvipingamupinyi zvakanaka. Tekinoroji iyi inoshandisa magineti asingawanzo-epasi, anotonhorera epamusoro, uye madhizaini emagetsi akakwenenzverwa asi anouya nemutengo wepamusoro.

Motor Efficiency

Mamiriro ekushanda anokanganisa zvakanyanya-kunyatsoshanda kwenyika, kazhinji kupfuura zvinorehwa nemazita.

Load Conditions

Mota dzinoshanda zvakanyanya padyo ne75% yemutoro wakayerwa. Pamusoro peyakayerwa mutoro, mota dzinogona kurarama kwenguva pfupi nekuda kwesevhisi zvinhu (kazhinji 1.15x), asi kushanda nesimba uye hupenyu hwese hunodzikira. Pazasi pe50% mutoro, kushanda zvakanaka kunodonha zvakanyanya sekurasikirwa kwakagadziriswa sekurasikirwa kwepakati uye mhepo inopedza chikamu chikuru chesimba rose.

Chidzidzo chekuongorora 48 mota dzemagetsi chakawana chaiyo avhareji kushanda kwakasiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzekushanda. Mamotor mazhinji mumaindasitiri anomhanya pane akaremerwa zvishoma apo kunyatsoshanda kunowira gumi-20 muzana mapoinzi pazasi zvakayerwa zvakatemwa. Kurudyi-saizi mota kune chaidzo dzinodiwa dzinowanzopa simba rakakura rekuchengetedza pane kukwidziridza kune premium inoshanda mota.

Supply Voltage uye Frequency

Kuchinja kwemagetsi kunokanganisa kushanda nesimba kuburikidza nekuita kwavo pamagnetizing ikozvino uye kurasikirwa kukuru. Mota dzakagadzirirwa 460V kushanda asi dzinopihwa 440V dhizaini yekuwedzera ikozvino kuchengetedza torque, ichiwedzera kurasikirwa kwemhangura. Sezvineiwo, yakawandisa voltage inowedzera kurasikirwa kwepakati kuburikidza nepamusoro flux density.

Frequency kusiyana kunonyanya kukosha mukusiyana kwekumhanya maapplication. Mafafitera epasi anoderedza kurasikirwa kukuru asi anogona kuwedzera kurasikirwa kwemhangura kana muripo wemutongi wemota usina kukwana. Mazuva ano vector control madhiraivha anokwirisa iyi tradeoff, ichichengetedza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro pahupamhi hwekumhanya marenji.

Tembiricha Migumisiro

Kupokana nemhepo kunowedzera inenge 0.4% padhigirii Celsius. Motokari inoshanda 50 dhigirii pamusoro peyakayerwa tembiricha inosangana ne20% yakakwira kurasikirwa kwemhangura. Kutonhodza kunoshanda kunochengetedza kushanda zvakanaka uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwemotokari nekudzivirira kushatisa kwekudzivirira.

Nzira dzekutonhodza dzepamusoro dzinopatsanurwa kuita zvikamu zvepasi uye zvinoshanda. Mamota echinyakare anoshandisa mabhachi ekutonhodza kunze, anochengeta kupisa{1}}anogadzira zvinhu zvakapatsanurwa kubva pakutonhodza. Kutonhodza oiri kwakananga-kunoshanda mota dzemagetsi dzepamusoro dzinobvumira kutorwa kupisa kubva kumahwindi, stator, uye rotor, zvichitsigira kushanda kwakasimba-kushanda kwemagetsi uku uchichengetedza tembiricha yakakwana iri pasi pe180 degrees .

Motokari dzemagetsi drivetrains dzinowana 75-90% kunyatsoshanda kubva kubhatiri kusvika kumavhiri, zvichienzaniswa ne20-35% yeinjini dzinopisa dzemukati. Mukati meEV powertrains, mota inomiririra yakanyanya kurasikirwa sosi, zvichiita kuti ive chinangwa chepamusoro chekugadzirisa.

Lithium mota bhatiri masisitimu inoburitsa coulometric inoshanda inopfuura 99%, zvichireva kuti rinenge simba rese rakachengetwa panguva yekuchaja rinowanikwa panguva yekubuda. Uku kuita kunoshamisa kunoisa kudzvanya pane zvimwe zvinhu zve drivetrain kuti zvienderane nemayero aya. Motokari inoshanda pa94% kunyatsoshanda inopedza simba rakawanda kupfuura bhatiri, inverter, uye kutapurirana zvakasanganiswa.

Operating Range Optimization

EV mota dzinofanirwa kushanda nemazvo mumamiriro akasiyana anoshamisa. Kutyaira kweguta kunosanganisira kukurumidza kusimuka kubva pakumira uko kushanda zvakanaka kunodonha nekuda kwekukwira kwazvino uye kuderera. Highway cruising inoda torque iri pakati nepakati pakumhanya uko mamotor anowana peak performance. Kukwirisa kwakasimba kunoda torque yakakura, kusundidzira mota munzvimbo umo kurasikirwa kunowedzera zvakanyanya.

Mazhinji-anomhanya mhanya anobatsira kuti mota dzirambe dziri munzvimbo inotapira. Nepo maEV mazhinji anoshandisa magiya mabhokisi e-anoderedza kumhanya, mota dzemhando yepamusoro kubva kuPorsche, Audi, nedzimwe dzinoshandisa maviri-anofambisa kukurumidza. Bosch inosimudzira anoramba achichinja-chinja kutapurirana (CVT4EV) ichiti 4% hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza mumotokari dzakareruka dzekutengesa. Iko 97-98% kunyatsoshanda kwezvitima zvemhando yepamusoro zvinokurira kurasikirwa kubva kumamotor anoshanda nekumhanya-mhanya.

Regenerative Braking

Kana ichidzikira, mota dzinoshanda sejenareta, dzichishandura kinetic simba kumagetsi. Lithium yemotokari bhatiri packs inonyatso kunzva simba iri rakagadziridzwa, richiwedzera mota renji ne10-30% zvichienderana nemafambisirwo ekutyaira. Kutyaira muguta uchingomira kakawanda kunodzosa simba rakawanda kudarika kufamba mumigwagwa.

Kushanda kwemota panguva yekuzvarwa patsva kunokosha zvakanyanya sekushanda kwemota. Permanent magineti mota dzinopfuura pano, sezvo magineti aripo pasina anoda excitation ikozvino. Induction mota dzinofanirwa kuchengetedza magnetizing ikozvino kunyangwe panguva yekuzvarwa patsva, kuderedza kudzoreredza kunyatsoita.

Nzira dzinoverengeka dzekugadzira dzinoderedza kurasikirwa uye kuwedzera kugona, imwe neimwe inosanganisira tradeoffs pakati pekuita, mutengo, uye kugadzira.

Enhanced Materials

Kashoma-magineti epasi anogara akaita seneodymium-iron{2}}boron anogadzira magineti akasimba ane vhoriyamu shoma, achigonesa compact, mota dzine simba. Nekudaro, kuchera uye kukwenenzvera zvinhu izvi kunotakura mari yakawanda yezvakatipoteredza. Maitiro ekuchera anounza kusvibiswa kukuru, uye kushushikana kwenzvimbo nezvematongerwo enyika kwakakomberedza-cheni dzekugovera pasi dzinowanikwa munyika shoma.

Copper rotor bars pachinzvimbo chealuminium inoderedza rotor resistance ne20-40%, kunyangwe zvimhingamipinyi zvekugadzira zvichiripo. Die-cast mhangura inoda tembiricha yakakwira iyo inogona kukuvadza rotor lamination insulation, inopesana nekubudirira kwekubudirira. Akagadzirwa makeji emhangura anoshandisa robhoti musangano anopa imwe nzira yemamota makuru pamusoro pe250 horsepower.

Simbi yemagetsi yepamusoro{{0}yegiredhi yegiredhi kana kuti mitete yakacheneruka inoderedza kurasikirwa kukuru. Kubva paM19 simbi kuenda kune yakaderera-zvinhu zvinorasika zvinoderedza kurasikirwa ne30-50%. Nanocrystalline uye amorphous simbi inosundidzira izvi mberi asi inodhura zvakanyanya uye iripo yekugadzira matambudziko.

Yakagadziridzwa Geometry

Kuderedza mhepo gap pakati pe rotor uye stator inovandudza magineti coupling. Kugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kunogonesa kuti mapundu ave madiki se 0.3mm zvichienzaniswa neyekare 0.5-0.8mm zviyero. Nekudaro, mapeji akasimba anowedzera mutengo wekugadzira uye kuderedza kushivirira kwekutakura kupfeka kana kuwedzera kwemafuta.

Kuwedzera kushanda kwezvinhu huremu (mhangura mu windings, simbi mukati) inoderedza zvakananga kurasikirwa nekudzikisa ikozvino density uye flux density zvichiteerana. Premium kunyatsoshanda mota dzinogara dzine 20-25% yakawanda inoshanda zvinhu pane yakajairwa dhizaini. Iyo yakaderera inosanganisira kuwedzera kukura, uremu, uye mutengo wezvinhu.

Yakareba stack kureba inogadzirisa mamwe mahwindi ane kushomeka kwekushomeka pachikamu. Iyo yakajairwa premium mota inowedzera 20% stack kureba kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa kushanda kwakaenzana. Iyi nzira inoshanda kusvika zviyero zvemuviri zvapfuura nzvimbo yekuisa kana kugadzira matambudziko ekugadzira.

Advanced Cooling

Kubvisa kupisa zvinobudirira kunobvumira mota kubata yakakwira simba density ichichengetedza tembiricha yekushanda yakachengeteka. Kutonhodza mhepo kwagara kuchikwanirana nemagetsi ane mwero asi haakwani kune-kushanda kwepamusoro.

Kutonhodza kwebhachi remvura kunotenderedza imba yemota ine machaneli anotonhodza. Kupisa kunoitisa kuburikidza nemota furemu kune inotonhorera, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakachengeteka pasina kusangana kwakananga pakati pemvura nemagetsi zvikamu. Iyi nzira inoshanda nemazvo asi inogadzira thermal gradient kubva kuma windings kuenda kunze.

Yakananga kutonhora kwemafuta inotenderera dielectric mafuta kuburikidza nemota, ichibata zvakananga mamhepo, stator, uye rotor. Kupisa kunofambisa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti simba rirambe richienderera mberi uye nekuvandudza kushanda kuburikidza nekuderera kwekushisa kwekushanda. Iyo nzira inoda yakavharwa mota dhizaini uye oiri manejimendi masisitimu, ichiwedzera kuoma uye mutengo.

Oiri pfapfaidzo inotonhorera inonangana nenzvimbo dzinopisa uchidzikisa huwandu hweoiri. Strategic nozzles anonangisa oiri yekutonhodza pamagumo anomonereka{{1}pakutendeuka nedzimwe nzvimbo-dzekupisa. Yakasanganiswa neyakavandudzwa tekinoroji yekuisa chisimbiso, kutonhora kweoiri kwave kushanda kune mota kunyorera uko compact size uye yakakwirira simba density zvinopembedza kuwedzera kuoma.

Premium kunyatsoshanda mota dzinodhura 15-40% kupfuura zvakaenzana asi chengetedza simba muhupenyu hwavo hwese hwekushanda. Mutengo wekutenga unomiririra ingangoita 2% yemutengo wehupenyu hwese, uye yasara 98% inobva mukushandiswa kwemagetsi.

Motokari gumi-yehorsepower inoramba ichimhanya pa$0.10 pakilowatt-awa inoshandisa mutengo wayo wese wekutenga magetsi mukati memwedzi mumwe chete. Pamusoro pehupenyu hwemakore gumi nemashanu, simba rinodhura mari shoma yekutanga. Kunyange kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro mashoma kunopa mari yakawanda.

Kuverengera kubhadhara kunoda kufungidzira maawa ekushanda epagore, avhareji yekuremerwa chinhu, uye mitengo yemagetsi emuno. Nzvimbo inoshandisa mota maawa mana pagore muUnited States (maawa masere pazuva, mazuva mashanu pasvondo) inowanzoona nguva yekubhadhara yemakore 2-4 kana uchikwidziridzwa kubva kuIE2 kuenda kuIE3 kushanda zvakanaka. Kushandiswa kwepamusoro kunoderedza nguva yekubhadhara zvakaenzana.

Musika wemagetsi-unoshanda zvakanaka wakasvika madhora bhiriyoni makumi mashanu nepfumbamwe muna 2024 uye mapurojekiti kusvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu neshanu panosvika 2034, achikura pa9.8% pagore. Uku kukura kunoratidza zvinotarisirwa, kukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi, uye kuwedzera kuziva kwezvakatipoteredza. Maindasitiri anotarisana nekumanikidzwa kudzikisa kabhoni tsoka uku uchidzora mari yekushandisa, zvichiita kuti mota ishande zvine huviri hwehupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza zvakakosha.

Kuyera kwakaringana kwehunyanzvi kunoda kutariswa panguva imwe chete yemagetsi ekupinza uye mechanical kubuda. Kuverenga kwemagetsi kunowedzera voltage, current, uye power factor yemamota-nhatu. Mechanical simba rinobva kune torque uye kutenderera kumhanya kuyerwa.

Rotary torque sensors ane encoder akabatanidzwa anogonesa chaiyo simba rekubuda kuyerwa. Aya ma sensors anokwira pakati pemota uye mutoro, kuyera shaft torque uchitarisa kumhanya. Masisitimu echizvino-zvino ekutora data anotora zviyero zvese zvakatevedzana, achiverengera chaiyo-nguva inoshanda.

Kuyedza zviyero seIEEE 112 uye IEC 60034-2-1 inotsanangura maitiro chaiwo ekuona kuti inodzokororwa, inofananidzwa mhedzisiro. Aya zviyero zvinokonzeresa tembiricha mhedzisiro, tsanangura chiridzwa chechokwadi zvinodiwa, uye zvakadzama nzira dzekuverenga dzezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekurasikirwa. Vagadziri vanosimbisa kushanda kwemotokari vachishandisa aya akajairwa bvunzo.

Kuedza kumunda kunopa matambudziko. Mota dzinoshanda munzvimbo dzekugadzira dzinoona mitoro inosiyana, kuchinja kwemagetsi, uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akasiyana nebvunzo dzemurabhoritari. Portable power analyzers and clamp-pama torque sensors anogonesa kuyerwa kwemunda, kunyangwe nekudzikiswa kwechokwadi zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo yemurabhoritari.

Nyaya dzinoverengeka dzekushanda dzinoderedza kushanda zvakanaka kupfuura zvigadziro zvekugadzira.

Zvisizvo Motor Sizing

Oversized motors dzinoshanda pamagetsi akareruka apo kushanda zvakanaka kunotambura. Tsika yakajairika yekuwedzera miganho yekuchengetedza padanho rega rega redhizaini inosanganisa dambudziko. Maitiro anoda 7 horsepower anogona kushandisa 10HP mota ine 1.15 service factor, ichipa 11.5HP kugona. Kushanda pa60% yezvakatemerwa mutoro zvinopedza simba.

Variable frequency dhiraivha zvishoma kuderedza nyaya iyi nekugadzirisa kumhanya kuti ienderane nemutoro zvinodiwa. Madhiraivha emazuva ano anochengetedza mashandiro ane hungwaru pahupamhi hwekushanda, kunyangwe ivo vachiunza yavo yekurasikirwa. Kurudyi{{2}kuyera saizi panguva yezvido zvekutanga kunoratidza kushanda zvakanyanya pane kuedza kuripa.

Husina Simba Hunhu

Voltage kusaenzana, kukanganisa kweharmonic, uye kukanganiswa kwekupa zvese zvinodzikisira kugona. Kunyangwe 2-3% voltage kusaenzana kunogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka ne1-2 muzana mapoinzi uku ichiwedzera kukwira kwekushisa. Kugadzirisa kunaka kwesimba padanho renzvimbo kunobatsira ese akabatana michina.

Harmonic mafirita, ega ega ega, uye magetsi ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinovandudza kunaka kwekugovera. Variable frequency drives vanogona kugadzira maharmonics anokanganisa mimwe michina, zvichiita kuti drive-side kusefa kwakakosha muzvivakwa zvine maVFD akawanda.

Kusakwana Maintenance

Kutakura lubrication, kuchena kwemhepo, uye kurongeka kwemakanika zvese zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka. Kusakwana kubereka lubrication kunowedzera kurasikirwa kwekukwesha uku uchimhanyisa kupfeka. Zvose pamusoro-kuzora uye pasi-kuzora zvinokonzeresa matambudziko, zvichiita kuti zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa zvakakodzera zvakakosha.

Kudzosa mota, kana kwaitwa zvisirizvo, kunodzikisira kushanda zvakanaka ne1-5 muzana. Kubvisa mamhepo ekare kunogona kukuvadza core laminations, kuwedzera kurasikirwa kwepakati. Suboptimal waya routing kana kusakwana compaction inowedzera kurasikirwa kwemhangura. Mashopu ekugadzirisa mota dzemhando yepamusoro anotevera maitiro akanakisa ekuchengetedza mashandiro ari padyo neaya akatemwa.

Motor Efficiency

Tsvagiridzo inoenderera mberi nekusundidzira miganhu yekugona uku ichigadzirisa mutengo uye zvinonetsa.

Zvimwe Zvishandiso

Kudzikisira kana kubvisa-magineti epasi asingawanzo gadziriso zvinogadzirisa zvese zviri kunetsa kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvekutengesa. Magineti eFerrite anopa dzimwe nzira dzakachipa dzine simba rakaderera remagineti, inoda hungwaru dhizaini dhizaini kuti ienderane nekusingaperi magineti mota kuita. Synchronous kusada mota inobvisa magineti zvachose, uchishandisa magineti kusada kushanda.

Aluminium windings inodzokera pakutariswa sezvo mari yemhangura inochinja. Madhizaini emazuva ano anotsiva kupikisa kwealuminium kwepamusoro kuburikidza nekuwedzera conductor volume uye optimized geometry. Iyo 70% yekudzikisa mutengo kana ichienzaniswa nemhangura inoita kuti aruminiyamu inakidze kunyangwe ichiita tradeoffs.

Higher Operating Speeds

Kuwedzera mota RPM kubva kwakajairika 10,000-18,000 renji kusvika 20,000-40,000 inogonesa yakakura simba density nezvinhu zvishoma. Nekudaro, kurasikirwa kwemhepo kunowedzera cubical nekukurumidza, kugadzira sirin'i inoshanda. Yepamberi aerodynamic dhizaini, akagadziridzwa mabhengi, uye ekunze zvinhu zvinogona kusundira uyu muganho kumusoro.

-Mota dzinomhanya kwazvo dzinoda kudzora kumhanya kweshaft, zvinoda kukurumidza kuchinja magetsi. Silicon carbide semiconductors inogonesa yakakwira frequency kushanda kupfuura silicon IGBTs, inotsigira maitiro akananga kumhanyisa mota.

Yakabatanidzwa Drivetrain Dhizaini

Kugadzirisa iyo yakazara drivetrain sisitimu kazhinji inoburitsa zvirinani pane kukwenenzvera zvikamu zvega. Mumotokari dzemagetsi, kurongedza mota controller algorithms ine lithium mota bhatiri manejimendi uye mota dynamics kudzora kunowedzera kushanda zvakanaka. Torque modulation matekiniki anochinjana pakati zero uye yakakwana torque values, achibvisa matunhu ekusashanda zvakanaka pakutakura mitoro.

Magadzirirwo emotor-aviri{1}mavhiri{2}}emota dzese anobvumira kupatsanura kwemagetsi kwakadzama, kushandisa mota yega yega muunyanzvi hwayo uku uchichengetedza magetsi ese. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti torque modulation inobatsira inobuda mumbiri-motor masisitimu kana zvichienzaniswa ne-motor architectures imwe chete.

Maindasitiri emotor anosangana neIE3 zviyero anowanzo kuwana 85-96% kushanda zvakanaka payakayerwa mutoro, aine mota dzakakura dzinosvika pakuita zvakanaka. Mota madiki ari pasi pe1 bhiza anogona kushanda pa70-85%, nepo mahombe emuindasitiri ari pamusoro pe100 horsepower anogona kudarika 96%. Mota dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzakagadziridzwa zvekushandisa zvemotokari dzinogara dzichiwana 90-95% kunyatsoshanda pane yadzo yekushanda.

Kukwidziridza kubva pakushanda zvakanaka kuenda kumamotor emhando yepamusoro kunoderedza kurasikirwa ne20-30%. Motokari ine 50-horsepower inoshandisa maawa 4 000 pagore inogona kuchengetedza 3,000-5,000 kilowatt-maawa pagore, inokosha $300-500 pamitengo yemagetsi emumaindasitiri. Pakati pezvivakwa zvakakura zvine mazana emamota, mari yakaunganidzwa inosvika makumi kana mazana ezviuru zvemadhora pagore.

Battery chemistry inopesvedzera kuita kwese kwemotokari asi kwete mota kunyatsoshanda. Zvisineyi, mabhatiri e lithium-ion anouyisa 99%+ coulometric kunyatsoshanda, zvichireva kuti motokari inoshanda zvakanaka ndiyo inova chinhu chikuru chekurasikirwa mumadhiraini eEV emazuva ano. Iyo mota inofanirwa kuenderana nekuita kwebhatiri kudzivirira kuita bhodhoro. Pamusoro pezvo, bhatiri voltage uye hunhu hwekuburitsa hunokanganisa mashandiro emota controller, zvisina kunanga zvichipesvedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemotokari kuburikidza nemhando yemagetsi ekupa.

Kuvandudzwa kudiki kunogoneka pasina kutsiva mota. Kuve nechokwadi chekuzora kwakaringana, kuchengetedza kurongeka, uye kuvandudza simba remhando yekubatsira asi kazhinji kunongopa 1-3% kubudirira kwekubudirira. Nekuvandudza kwakakura, kutsiva ne premium kunyatsoshanda mota kunopa nzira yakavimbika. Variable frequency drives pamamotors ane mitoro yakasiyana inogona kuvandudza mashandiro esystem kunyangwe kuita kwemota kunoramba kusingachinji.

Kusarudza mota chaiyo kunosanganisira kuenzanisa mashandiro, mutengo, zvinodiwa zvekushandisa, uye maitiro ekushanda. Kunzwisisa yako chaiyo mutoro profile, basa kutenderera, uye nharaunda yekushanda inogonesa sarudzo dzine ruzivo.

Premium kunyatsoshanda mota dzinoruramisa mutengo wadzo wepamusoro mune mazhinji maindasitiri ekushandisa ane mwero wekushandisa. Zvishandiso zvinoshandisa injini kwemaawa anopfuura 2,000 pagore zvinowanzoona kubhadharwa mukati me3-makore mashanu. Yepamusoro-basa maapplication ane maawa ekushanda akareba kana mutengo wesimba wakakwira anowana kukurumidza kudzoka.

Zvekushandisa mota yemagetsi, kushanda zvakanaka kwemota kunoshandura zvakananga kune yekutyaira. Pesejendi yega yega yekuvandudza hunyanzvi inowedzera mamaira erenji kubva kune imwecheteyo lithium mota bhatiri huwandu. Izvi zvinogadzira madhizaini ekutanga ane kutonhora kwepamberi, zvinhu zvakagadziridzwa, uye akaomesesa ekudzora masisitimu ane chekuita nehupfumi kunyangwe mutengo wakakwira.

Kutevedzwa kwemitemo kunowedzera kurayira mazinga mashoma ekubudirira. Kunzwisisa zvazvino uye zvinouya zviyero zvinobatsira kudzivirira kutenga mota dzinobva dzasakara hupenyu hwavo hwepanyama husati hwapera. Maitiro akananga kuIE4 uye IE5 mazinga anoenderera mberi, aine IE6-level mota dzatove kupinda mukugadzira kubva kune vanotungamira vanogadzira.

Kubudirira kwemotokari kunomiririra kupindirana kwakakosha kwemutoro wezvakatipoteredza uye kugadzirisa kwehupfumi. Sezvo mutengo wemagetsi uchikwira uye mitemo yezvakatipoteredza inoomesa, iyo bhizinesi kesi yemamota anoshanda anosimbisa zvakanyanya. Iyo tekinoroji inoenderera mberi, iine zvinhu sainzi, kunyatsogadzira kugadzira, uye kutonga algorithms zvese zvichibatsira mukusundidzira miganhu yekubudirira kumusoro uku uchigadzirisa zvinonetsa mukati mekutengesa cheni.