Chii chinonzi Battery Modules?

Battery modules maassemblies epakati anosanganisa akawanda mabhatiri maseru munhevedzano kana akafanana masisitimu kuti awane yakakwira voltage uye kugona kubuda. Aya mayunitsi anowanzo sanganisira maseru pachawo, magetsi ekubatanidza senge mabhazi, Battery Management System (BMS), thermal management components, uye inodzivirira dzimba.

Mune hierarchy yemabhatiri masisitimu, mamodule anoshanda seyakakosha bhiriji pakati pemaseru ega ega uye yakazara bhatiri mapaketi. Lithium imwe-ion sero rinowanzogadzira 3.2 kusvika 3.7 volts, asi maapplication akaita semotokari dzemagetsi anoda 400 kusvika 800 volts. Modules inogadzirisa gap iri remagetsi nekubatanidza maseru zvine hungwaru uku uchichengetedza saizi inogoneka uye kushanda.

Iko Kuumbwa Kwemaitiro eBattery Modules

Battery modules ine akati wandei akabatanidzwa zvinhu zvinoshanda pamwechete kuti ave nechokwadi chakachengeteka uye chinoshanda simba rekupa.

Nheyo yacho ine masero ebhatiri akarongwa mune chaiwo mapatani. Aya maseru anogona kunge ari cylindrical (se18650 kana 21700 mafomati), prismatic (rectangular blocks), kana homwe (flexible flat packaging). Sarudzo inotsamira pane simba density zvinodiwa, hunhu hwekupisa, uye zvipingamupinyi zvekugadzira mota. MaPrismatic cells akakunda 48.4% yemusika wemotokari dzemagetsi muna 2024 nekuda kwenzvimbo yadzo-kugona kurongedza zvakanaka uye nekunatsiridza magadzirirwo emafuta.

Kubatana kwemagetsi kunogadzira iyo circulatory system yemamodule. Mabhazi akagadzirwa kubva kumhangura kana aruminiyamu anobatanidza maseru materminal mune akaverengerwa akatevedzana-magadzirirwo akafanana. Series yekubatanidza inowedzera voltage nepo parallel yekubatanidza inowedzera huwandu. Iyo yakajairika EV module inogona kubatanidza maseru gumi nemaviri munhevedzano (1P12S kumisikidza) kuti iwane angangoita makumi mana nemana volts, ine akawanda mamodule anobva asanganiswa mupakeji.

Iyo Battery Management System inomiririra iyo intelligence layer. BMS hardware inotarisisa voltage pamasero ega ega, inoteedzera tembiricha pamapoinzi akawanda, inoyera kuyerera kwazvino, uye inoverengera mamiriro ekuchaja. Mayuniti emazuva ano eBMS anotaurirana neCAN mabhazi maprotocol, zvichiita-kuchinjana data nenguva nemasisitimu ekudzora mota. Iyo sisitimu inomhanyisa kuenzanisa maseru panguva yekuchaja kudzivirira kudonha kwemagetsi pakati pemayuniti, izvo zvinogona kuderedza hupenyu hwepakiti ne20-30%.

Thermal management infrastructure inodzora tembiricha yekushandisa. Mazhinji mamodule anosanganisira angave emvura inotonhorera mahwendefa kana mhepo nzira. Liquid cooling systems inotenderera glycol{2}based coolant through aluminium plates mukuonana kwemafuta nemasero, kuchengetedza tembiricha yakaenzana mukati me2-3 degrees mukati memodule. Kunyatsoita uku kunodzivirira nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinokonzera kuparara kwemafuta kana, muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa, zviitiko zvekutiza kwekupisa.

Iyo module imba inopa kudzivirira kwemakanika uye kuparadzaniswa kwemagetsi. Vagadziri vanogaro shandisa murazvo-usingadzoreki wepolymer senge polypropylene kana polycarbonate blends. Iyo casing inofanirwa kumira kuzunguzika, masimba ekukanganisa panguva yekuparara, uye kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uku ichidzivirira hunyoro huchipinda hunogona kukanganisa kubatana.

Kubatanidza Architectures uye Mashandisirwo Avo

Nzira iyo masero anobatana nayo mukati memodules inoumba maitiro ekuita.

Series configuration inowedzera voltage nekubatanidza iyo yakanaka terminal yeimwe sero kune yakaipa yeinotevera. Kana maseru mana e3.2V lithium iron phosphate abatana munhevedzano, module inobuda 12.8V uku ichichengeta-sero rechiyero chimwe chete. Mota dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa kubatanidza nhevedzano zvakanyanya nekuti yakakwira voltage inogonesa kushanda kwemagetsi nekudzikiswa kwazvino uye madiki ewaya geji.

Parallel configuration inowedzera simba nekubatanidza ese materminals akanaka pamwe chete uye ese asina kunaka terminals pamwechete. Kana maseru matatu e50Ah akabatana akatevedzana, module inopa 150Ah pane imwe-sero voltage. Parallel gadziriro inokodzera maapplication anoda yakawedzerwa nguva yekumhanya pama voltages akaderera, senge inotakurika simba rekuchengetedza kana backup magetsi masisitimu.

Series-masanganiswa anoenderana anokwenenzvera zvese zviri zviviri voltage uye huwandu. A 2P12S module inobatanidza masero maviri mukufanana, yobva yabatanidza gumi nemaviri ezviviri izvi zvakafanana munhevedzano. Izvi zvinopa kaviri kugona kwesero rimwe panguva gumi nembiri simba raro. Iko kuchinjika kwezvikamu-zvakafanana dhizaini inobvumira vagadziri kuyera masisitimu ebhatiri nemazvo kune zvinodiwa pakushandisa.

Kusimuka kwe modular architecture kwakawedzera simba muna 2024 sezvo vagadziri vakatsvaga mhinduro dzinochinjika, dzinotyisa. Indasitiri data inoratidza dzakatevedzana-magadzirirwo akafanana akura nemukurumbira nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri zvakakosha: miganhu yemitemo yendege inotakura-mabhatiri kusvika ku100 watt-maawa, zvichiita kuti mapeki emodular ane mayunitsi anochinjika ashande, uye maapplication emidziyo yekunze anobatsirika kubva kumunda-anotsiva mamodule anoderedza nguva.

Bhatiri Module Mhando neCell Chemistry

Lithium -ion chemistries yakasiyana inogadzira mamodule ane maitiro akasiyana.

Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) modules inopa simba rakanyanya density, kazhinji 150-220 Wh/kg pamwero wemodule. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzive dzakanakira mota dzemagetsi dzinofamba uko renji payuniti huremu inotyaira kugamuchirwa kwevatengi. Masero eNMC anopa simba rakasimba rekubuda kwekukurumidza uku achichengetedza hupenyu hunonzwisisika hwe1,000-2,000 yakazara yekuchaja-kuburitsa. Nekudaro, ivo vanoda kungwarira kwemafuta manejimendi nekuda kwekudzika kwekushisa kugadzikana zvichienzaniswa nemamwe makemikari.

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) modules inotungamira kuchengetedza uye hupenyu hurefu. Kuwanda kwesimba kunodzika pa90-140 Wh/kg, asi mamodule eLFP anoshingirira 3,000-5,000 macycles asati asvika 80%. Kugadzikana kwavo kwakasarudzika kwemafuta kunoita kuti vazivikanwe mumotokari dzekutengesa, mabhazi, uye yakamira simba rekuchengetedza. LFP modules yakatonga Chinese EV kugadzirwa muna 2024, nepo vagadziri vekuMadokero vachiwedzera kuvatora kune yekupinda-level uye yepakati-renji mhando.

Sodium-ion modules yakatanga seimwe tekinoroji muna 2024. Makambani akaita seBYD akaisa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu emadhora mu30 GWh yekugadzira maion sodium{4}}. Aya mamodule anoshandisa yakawandisa sodium pane lithiamu, kuderedza mitengo yemidziyo uye kusashanda kweketani. Masero eSodium-ion anoita zvakanaka mukutonhorwa, achichengetedza 80% simba pa -20 madhigirii kana zvichienzaniswa nelithium-ion's 50-60% kuramba. Zvikumbiro zvekutengesa zvakatanga kuoneka mumotokari dzine mavhiri maviri nematatu.

Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) modules dzinopfuura mu niche maapplications anoda ultra{0}}refu cycle life. Masero eLTO anomira 20,000-30,000 cycles, zvichiita kuti awane mari kumabhazi emuguta uye kutakura njanji pasinei nekuwanda kwesimba kwe60-80 Wh/kg chete. Kukurumidza kuchaja kugona kunobvumira LTO modules kusvika 80% kuchaja mumaminetsi gumi-15 pasina kuderedzwa.

Kugadzira uye Maitiro eGungano

Kugadzirwa kwebhatiri module inosanganisa chaiyo engineering ine yakasimba kuchengetedza mapuroteni.

Maitiro anotanga nekuuya kwesero kuongororwa. Masero anosvika kubva kune vatengesi mune inodzivirira kurongedza uye anoenda voltage, kugona, uye yemukati kuramba kuyedzwa. Vagadziri vanoyera maparameta aya kuti vaone maseru ane maitiro anoenderana-voltage ari mukati me5 millivolts uye simba mukati me1% yezvaunovavarira. Masero anowira kunze kwemaitiro ekushivirira anorambwa, sezvo maseru asingawirirani anokonzera kusaenzana kuchaja kunoderedza upenyu hwemodule.

Kugadzirira kwepamusoro kunotevera kuongororwa. Laser yekuchenesa inobvisa oxide layer uye zvinosvibisa kubva kumasero terminals. Iyi nhanho inoratidza yakakosha kune welding mhando; kunyangwe twudiki twudiki huri pakati penzvimbo dzewelding zvinogona kugadzira majoini akakwira-anomira anounza kupisa panguva yekushanda.

Masero akaturikidzana anoronga maseru akakodzera mugadziriro yawo yakatarwa. Automated systems inoisa maseru ane sub-millimeter precision achishandisa CCD vision masisitimu anoona nzvimbo dzematerminal. Spacers pakati pemaseru inogadzira mikaha yemhepo yekutonhodza kana kugarisa zvinopisa zvemashandisirwo zvinoitisa kupisa kumapureti ekutonhodza.

Busbar welding inobatanidza masero nemagetsi. Mitsetse yemazuva ano yekugadzira inoshandisa laser welding pane kuramba kana nzira dze ultrasonic. Laser welding inopa chaiyo simba kujoinhi pasina kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa maseru. Iyo nzira inogadzira welds nemagetsi kuramba pazasi 0.1 milliohm. Masisitimu ekudzora kunaka anoita-nguva chaiyo achiongorora achishandisa ma sensors anoongorora weld geometry uye X-ray inspection inoburitsa mukati.

Kubatanidzwa kweBMS kunoitika mushure memusangano wemuchina. Technician kana marobhoti anonamira voltage sense wire kune yega yega sero, kwidza tembiricha sensors panzvimbo dzakarongwa, uye batanidza BMS redunhu bhodhi. Iyo sisitimu inoedzwa inoshanda apo inoteedzerwa kuchaja uye kuburitsa madhizaini anosimbisa kuti iyo BMS inonyatso tarisisa ese ma paramita uye inoita mabasa ekudzivirira.

Module imba yegungano inovhara zvikamu. Iyo base plate, iyo inowanzo ine kutonhora nzira, inogamuchira thermal interface material application. Vashandi kana otomatiki madhiraivha vanoisa chaiyo metered huwandu hweanopisa paste kana anonamira pamwe neanosangana nzvimbo. Murwi wesero unokwira pandiro iyi, uye kavha yemba inovhara gungano.

Zvidzidzo zvekupedzisira zvekuyedza zvakapedzwa mamodule kumagetsi, zvinopisa, uye mekiniki kusimbiswa. Miedzo inoyera voltage iri pasi pemutoro, simbisa kutonhora kwesystem, tarisa gasi kana inotonhorera inodonha, uye simbisa kuti zvinongedzo zvinoshingirira kuzunguzika. Mamodule chete anopfuura maitiro ese anogashira mvumo yekusangana kwepakiti.

Thermal Management uye Safety Systems

Kudzora tembiricha inomira seyakanyanya kukosha kuchengetedza basa mumabhatiri module.

Lithium-masero eion anoshanda zvakakwana pakati pe20-40 madhigirii. Kushanda pamusoro pemadhigirii makumi matanhatu kunomhanyisa kupera simba, neimwe dhigirii gumi tembiricha inowedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kuderera kwemazinga. Tembiricha dzinopfuura 80-90 madhigirii engozi yekupisa-inozvigadzirisa yega exothermic reaction apo kuparara kwesero kunounza kupisa nekukurumidza kudarika masisitimu ekutonhodza angaarasa.

Kutonhodza kwemhepo kunomiririra nzira yakareruka yekupisa yekudziya. Mafeni anomanikidza mweya kuburikidza nemachani pakati pemasero, achibvisa kupisa kuburikidza ne convection. Honda Insight uye Toyota Prius bhatiri masisitimu anoshandisa inoshanda kutonhora kwemhepo. Ichiri hupfumi, kutonhora kwemhepo kunonetsa kuchengetedza tembiricha yakafanana, nemisiyano ye10-15 dhigirii pakati pekupinda nekubuda mativi emamodule. Kutonhodza kusina kuenzana uku kunoita kuti masero ari patembiricha yakasiyana achembera nemitengo yakasiyana.

Liquid kutonhora kunowana kuita kwepamusoro. Inotonhodza inoyerera nemachaneli mumaplate ealuminium akaiswa pakati pemasero layer kana akaiswa pamativi emodule. Iyo yakanyanya kupisa conductivity yealuminium uye yakakura kupisa huwandu hwemvura inotonhorera inogonesa kudzora tembiricha. Tesla's bhatiri mapaketi anoshandisa nyoka inotonhorera nzira inochengetedza sero tembiricha mutsauko pasi pe5 degree. Masisitimu emvura anowedzera kuomarara, uremu, uye nzvimbo dzinobvinza, asi kutengeserana uku kunoratidza kukosha kune-kushanda kwepamusoro.

Phase shanduko zvinhu zvinopa passive thermal manejimendi. PCMs inotora kupisa sezvainonyunguduka, ichichengetedza kutonhora nguva dzose panguva yekuchinja kwechikamu. Kana iyo bhatiri system inotonhora, iyo PCM inoomesa uye inoburitsa yakachengetwa kupisa. Tsvagiridzo muna 2024 yakaratidza kuti PCM{{4}mamodules akavakirwa akadzikisa tembiricha yepamusoro ne15-20 madhigirii panguva yekukurumidza kubuda uku ichichengetedza kufanana kwetembiricha. Nekudaro, maPCM anoda kungwarira dhizaini yekupisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekupisa kwakaringana kwekutonhora kwechipiri mushure mekunge zvinhu zvanyungudika zvizere.

Nzira dzekuchengetedza dzinopfuura kudzora kupisa dzinosanganisira ikozvino kudzikisira maseketi anodzivirira overcurrent panguva yekukanganisa, voltage monitoring iyo inobvisa mamodule anopfuura akachengeteka zvikumbaridzo, uye kuputika kwerubatsiro rwemabheti anoburitsa magasi asati amanikidzwa anogona kuputsa zvisimbiso zvemba. BMS inoronga dziviriro idzi, kazhinji ichishandisa masensa akawanda asina basa uye maviri-nzira yekuvhara nzira kudzivirira imwe-kutadza kukundikana.

Role inLithium Ion Vehicle BatterySystems

Battery modules inoshanda seyakakosha matombo ekuvaka emagetsi emagetsi ekuchengetedza simba remotokari.

Mota dzemagetsi dzinobatanidza mamodule mumapakiti kuburikidza nemakanika uye magetsi kusangana. EV bhatiri pack rine 6-12 modules zvichienderana nekukura kwemotokari uye zvinangwa. Compact EVs inogona kushandisa mamodule matanhatu anosvika 40-50 kWh, nepo maEV eumbozha akareba achibatanidza gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura mamodule anopfuura zana kWh.

Module standardization inorerutsa kugadzira uye sevhisi. Kana vagadziri vakagadzira mamodule ane zviyero zvakaenderana uye magetsi ekubatanidza, vanogona kusanganisa akasiyana masero makemikari kana hunyanzvi pamitsetse yemuenzaniso vachiri kushandisa zvakajairika pack hardware. Iyi modularity inoderedza mutengo wekushandisa uye kuoma kwezvinhu. Kana module ikatadza kushanda, matekinoroji anogona kutsiva iyo imwechete module pane iyo yese paki, ichidzikisa zvakanyanya mutengo wekugadzirisa.

Iyo module zano rinotarisawo chengetedzo kuburikidza nekubatanidza. EV mabhatiri emazuva ano anoshandisa moto-zvinodzivirira zvinodzivirira pakati pemamodule. Kana kutiza kwekushisa kukaitika musero rimwe, zvipingamupinyi zvine chiitiko kune iyo module, kudzivirira kutadza kwepasi pese paki. General Motors yakagadzira thermal propagation manejimendi masisitimu anotarisisa mamodule akazvimirira uye akasarudzika mayunitsi anotadza asati akatarisana ma module asvika kune njodzi tembiricha.

Kubatanidzwa kwemotokari kunoda kunyatsotariswa kwekuiswa kwemodule. MaEV mazhinji anoisa bhatiri paki pasi pakati pemavhiri, achigadzira yakaderera nzvimbo yegiravhiti inosimudzira kubata. Mukati mehamvuropu iyi, mamodule anofanirwa kukwana akatenderedza madhiraivha motors, kumiswa zvinhu, uye crash zvimiro. Nissan's universal stack structure inobvumira kugadziridza zviyero zvemodule{3}}kusiyana kwesero count uye kuronga-kunatsiridza mashandisirwo enzvimbo mumapuratifomu emotokari akasiyana.

Zvivakwa zvekuchaja zvinodyidzana nemamodule kuburikidza nepakiti-level BMS. Munguva yeDC yekuchaja nekukurumidza, ikozvino inoyerera ichipinda mupakiti pamitengo inodarika 250 kW mune mamwe masisitimu. Iyo BMS inogovera iri simba mumamodules ichitarisisa kusaenzana kwevoltage uye kukwira kwekushisa. Masero-level yeBMS mayunitsi mukati memodule yega yega repoti mamiriro kune master BMS, inogadzirisa mitengo yekuchaja kana kudzokorodza ikozvino kudzivirira kukuvara.

Yepamberi module madhizaini anoenderera mberi nekushanduka. Sero-ku-Pack (CTP) tekinoroji inobvisa zvimiro zvemodule zvechinyakare nekuisa maseru mupakiti remba. CATL neBYD zvakatanga magadzirirwo eCTP anowedzera simba ne10-15% kuburikidza nekudzikiswa kwekurongedza. Sero-ku-Chassis (CTC) inoenderera mberi nekubatanidza maseru muzvikamu zvemotokari. Zvitsva izvi zvinodzima mutsetse uri pakati pemamodule nemapaketi, asi mabasa akakosha-kubatanidza magetsi, kutonga kwethermal, uye monitoring-zvinoramba zvichikosha kunyangwe imba yemodule yanyangarika.

Applications Beyond Electric Vehicles

Battery modules inoshanda maindasitiri akasiyana ane akasiyana siyana ekuita zvinodiwa.

Giridhi-masisitimu ekuchengetera magetsi anoshandisa mamodule kuchengetedza kugadzira simba rinogonekazve. Mapurazi ezuva nemhepo anogadzira magetsi zvisingaenderani, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvisaenderane{{2}kudiwa. Battery modules inochengetedza simba rakawandisa panguva dzepamusoro dzekugadzira uye kuburitsa panguva yekudiwa kwepamusoro. Mushandiro wenguva dzose-kuiswa kwechikero kunogona kutumira mazana emamodule anosvika ma megawati akawanda-maawa. Muna 2024, maUS bhatiri ekuisirwa magigawati akasvika 9.2 gigawatts, aine modular architecture ari kufambisa kuwedzera kwesimba kuwedzera sezvo simba rinodiwa richikura.

Midziyo yekubata zvinhu yakaita seforklift iri kuwedzera kushandisa lithium-ion modules. Komatsu yakaedza sodium-ion modules mune 1.5-ton class forklifts muna 2024, zvichiratidza kuti mamwe makemikari anogona kushanda mumaindasitiri. Modular bhatiri masisitimu inobvumira vafambisi vezvikepe kuchengetedza zvakasara zvakachajwa mamodules ekukurumidza swaps, kuderedza midziyo yekudzikira zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri e-lead-acid anoda maawa ekuchaja.

-Midziyo yekuvaka inorema yakatarisana nemamiriro ekushanda anonetsa. Moog Construction yakaunza ZQuip Modular Battery System muna 2024, iine zvinochinjika 70 kWh uye 140 kWh modules. Uku kuchinjika kunoita kuti vafambisi vagadzirise kugona kuita zvinodiwa-vachishandisa mamodule madiki kuita basa rakareruka kuderedza huremu hwemotokari uye mamodule akakura kuti ashande kwenguva refu. Kuchinjanisa bhatiri kunogonesa kuenderera mberi kwekushanda nekuchinjana mamodule akapera ezvikamu zvinochajiswa pasina nguva yemotokari.

Magetsi anotakurika uye maturusi emagetsi anoshandisa mafomati madiki module. Nyanzvi-giredhi maturusi emagetsi anoshandisa mamodule ane 5-10 lithium-maseru eion, achipa 18-36V kubuda pa2-5 Ah. Iyo modular nzira inogonesa muchinjika-chikuva bhatiri kuenderana, uko imwechete module dhizaini inopa akawanda maturusi mhando mukati memugadziri wechigadzirwa mutsara.

Unterruptible Power Supply (UPS) masisitimu anochengetedza zvakakosha masisitimu kubva mukukanganiswa kwemagetsi. Nzvimbo dzedata nezvipatara zvinoisa lithium-ion module arrays inopa simba rekuchengetedza panguva yekudzima uye kudzikamisa voltage panguva yekuvhiringidzwa kwegridi. Modular architecture inobvumira kukwidziridzwa kuti kuenderane nemitoro yakadzivirirwa uye inorerutsa kugadzirisa kuburikidza nemodule-level kutsiva kwete bhatiri{4}}pasevhisi.

Aerospace application inoda mamodule akagadziridzwa uremu uye kuvimbika. Ndege dzemagetsi uye drone masisitimu anoshandisa mamodule ane maseru akanyatso kusarudzwa kuti aite zvinoenderana pamatembiricha akanyanya anosanganikwa nawo pakukwira. Redundant BMS nzira uye inochengetedza yekudziya yekudziya inochengetedza kuchengetedzwa mumashandisirwo uko kutadza kwebhatiri kunogona kukonzera njodzi.

Kudzora Kwehutano uye Kuedza Matemo

Kuedza kwakasimba kunovimbisa kuvimbika kwemodule mukati mehupenyu hwese hwekushanda.

Kuyedzwa kwemagetsi kunosimbisa voltage, huwandu, uye kuramba kwemukati. Mamodules anochajiswa-anoburitsa bhasikoro pamhepo inodzorwa uchitarisa macurves emagetsi. Kugona kuyerwa kunofanirwa kuwira mukati me2-3% yezviyero zvezita. Yemukati yekuramba kuyedzwa kumatunhu akasiyana-siyana emutero inotaridza kushomeka kwekubatanidza iyo inogona kugadzira nyaya dzekuvimbika.

Thermal test subjects modules kune tembiricha yakanyanyisa. Chambers cycle modules kuburikidza -40 madhigirii kusvika +60 madhigirii madhigirii, achitevedzera kuratidzwa kwezvakatipoteredza mumamiriro ekunze kubva muchando cheArctic kusvika kuchirimo chemurenje. Thermal shock tests inokurumidza kushandura pakati petembiricha yakanyanyisa kuona kuti kuwedzera coefficients yezvinhu zvakasiyana hakukonzeri kutadza kwemuchina.

Vibration kuyedzwa kunodzokorora chekufambisa uye kushushikana kwekushanda. Mamodules anokwira pane akawanda-axis shaker anoburitsa mafrequency profiles kubva kukudengenyeka kwemugwagwa, kushanda kwemichina, kana mabatiro azvinoita. Accelerometers inotarisisa mhinduro, uye magetsi ekubatanidza anoenderera achitariswa kuti aone kutadza kwepakati kubva kumagetsi kusagadzikana.

Kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza kunosanganisira kuwandisa,-kuburitsa, kupfupika, nekupwanya scenarios. Kuedzwa kwekushungurudzwa kunosundira nemaune mamodule kupfuura yakachengeteka mashandiro pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa kuti aone kuti masisitimu ekuchengetedza anoshanda nenzira kwayo uye kuti kupisa kunotiza, kana kukonzeresa, kunoramba kuri mukati memodule. Aya maedzo anoparadza anobayira sampuli mamodule kuti asimbise dhizaini yekuchengetedza mariji.

Kuedza kwezvakatipoteredza kunosimbisa ingress kudzivirira kubva kuguruva nemvura. Mamodule anoedzwa kupfapfaidza uye kunyudzwa bvunzo kwakakodzera kune yavo IP chiyero. Mamodule emota anowanzo kuwana IP67 chiyero, zvichireva kuti anoshingirira kunyudzwa kwechinguva mumamita imwe yemvura kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.

Zvitupa zvemhando yepamusoro zvinosiyana nekushandisa. Mamodule emotokari anowirirana neUL 2580, inovhara kuchengetedzwa kwelithium-mabhatiri eion pakufambisa kwemotokari, uye ISO 26262 kuitira kuchengetedza kushanda. Yakamira simba rekuchengetedza rinotevera UL 9540 yemasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba. Zvekufambisa zvinotarisana neUN 38.3 zvinodiwa zvekutumira zvakachengeteka kwemabhatiri e lithium. Vagadziri vanofanira kunyora kutevedza kuburikidza nekuyedza uye kuchengetedza masisitimu emhando yepamusoro pasi pe ISO 9001 kana mota-zvakananga IATF 16949 zviyero.

Economic uye Market kufunga

Battery module inodhura zvakanyanya kukanganisa hupfumi hwese system.

Mitengo yemodule muna 2024 yakasvika madhora makumi masere-120 pakilowati paawa pahoselese, inomiririra 25-35% yemutengo wakakwana webhatiri. Kutenga masero kunotora 65-75% yemodule mutengo, ine BMS hardware, thermal management components, uye basa regungano rinosanganisira zvakasara. Sezvo mitengo yesero yakadzikira kubva pamadhora zana nemakumi matatu nepfumbamwe muna 2023 kuenda kumadhora zana negumi nemashanu/kWh muna 2025, mutengo wemodule wakatevera nzira dzakafanana.

Musika wepasi rose weEV bhatiri pack wakasvika madhora zviuru zana nemakumi maviri nemazana mana emadhora muna 2024, uchikura pa12.8% pagore. Prismatic cell modules yakaraira chikamu chikuru chemusika, asi cylindrical modules dzaive dzichikura pa13% pagore dzichitungamirwa nekutorwa kwemaseru akakura senge 4680 cylindrical dhizaini. Sero iri rinoyera 46mm dhayamita ne80mm kureba, richipa kashanu simba rekare 2170 maseru uku richirerutsa kuvakwa kwemodule kuburikidza nekuderedzwa kwesero kuverenga.

Manufacturing economics inofarira kubatanidza kwakatwasuka. Makambani anogadzira ese maviri maseru nemamodule anowana 10-15% mutengo wakanaka pane iwo anotora maseru kunze. Izvi zvakaita kuti vagadziri vemabhatiri vawedzere kuita mamodule anganise uye vanogadzira otomatiki kuti vagadzirise-mabhatiri emumba. Fluence yakatanga kugadzirwa kwemodule yeUS munaGunyana 2024, ichibatanidza maseru kubva kune vatengesi veTennessee mumamodule panzvimbo yeUtah - danho rekuita kuti vakwanise kuwana Inflation Reduction Act yemutero yemutero wemukati.

Module standardization zvirongwa zvinovavarira kudzikisa mutengo kuburikidza nehupfumi hwechiyero. Iyo Volkswagen Group's MEB (Modular Electric Drive Matrix) papuratifomu inotsanangura akajairwa ma module anoshandiswa pamhando dzakawanda dzemotokari uye mhando. Iyi nzira yakagonesa Volkswagen kuti iwedzere dhizaini yemodule uye mutengo wekushandisa pamusoro pemavhoriyamu akakwira ekugadzira.

Kudzokorodza uye-zvehupenyu maapplications anogadzira mamwe ma value streams. MaEV modules anodzikisira kusvika pamakumi manomwe-80% ezvekutanga haachazadzise mafambisirwo emotokari zvinodiwa asi anoramba achishandiswa pakushandisa zvishoma. Retired EV modules anowana hupenyu hwechipiri mune yakamira simba rekuchengetedza, uko kusimba kwesimba uye mitengo yekuchaja zvine basa shoma pane mumotokari. Kudzokorodza kwakakodzera kunotora zvinhu zvakakosha-lithium, cobalt, nickel, mhangura, nealuminium-zvichideredza kudiwa kwekucherwa kwemhandara.

Developments uye Innovations

Emerging matekinoroji anovimbisa kugadziridza bhatiri module yekuvaka.

Mabhatiri akasimba-anotsiva maelectrolyte emvura neceramic kana polymer zvinhu zvakasimba. Izvi zvinobvisa zvinobatika moto uye zvinogonesa yakakwirira simba density kuburikidza ne lithium metal anodes. QuantumScape, Solid Power, neToyota varatidza prototype solid-state cells, ine mamodule ekugadzira akanangana ne2027-2028. Solid-state modules inogona kuwana 400-500 Wh/kg simba density, ingangoita kaviri kushanda kwelithium-ion ikozvino, asi zvinonetsa mukugadzira uye mutengo parizvino unoganhurira kushambadzira.

Structural bhatiri modules inobatanidza kuchengetedza simba mumotokari chassis zvikamu. Panzvimbo pekurongedza maseru mune imwe module, magadzirirwo anoshandisa maseru seanotakura-zvinhu zvinotakura. Battery casings inova nhengo dzezvimiro dzinotora simba rekuparara uye inopa chassis kusimba. Tesla's 4680-yakavakirwa structural pack inobvisa echinyakare mamodule zvachose, achisunga maseru kuita muzinga wehuchi chimiro chinoumba uriri hwemotokari. Iyi nzira inochengetedza huremu uye inowedzera nzvimbo yemukati asi inoomesa basa.

Wireless bhatiri manejimendi inobvisa waya dzepfungwa pakati pemasero neBMS. Sero rega rega rinowana miniature isina waya inotumira inoshuma voltage uye tembiricha data kuburikidza neredhiyo frequency masaini. Distributed wireless monitoring inoderedza kuomarara kwewaya, nguva yegungano, uye mapoinzi ekutadza waya. General Motors ane patented wireless BMS architectures muna 2024, kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvemagetsi zvinoramba zvichiripo pakutumirwa kwekugadzira.

Silicon anodes inomiririra kuwedzera asi kwakakosha kufambira mberi. Kutsiva magraphite anode nesilicon kunowedzera simba remagetsi ne20-40% nekuti sililicon inochengeta mamwe maion lithium per unit volume. Vagadziri vakaunza silicon-blend anode muna 2024, iine yakachena silicon anode yakarongerwa kupera kwa2020s. Yakakwira simba density pasero level inoturikira zvakananga kune mamwe ma compact modules kana kureba mota renji.

Bidirectional yekuchaja tekinoroji inogonesa mamodule kuti asangogashira kuchaja chete asiwo ekunze simba kudzosera kune grid. Mota-ku-Gridhi (V2G) masisitimu anoshandisa mamodule eEV ebhatiri seakagoverwa emagetsi anotsigira kugadzikana kwegridi. Munguva yekudiwa kwepamusoro, zviuru zveEVs zvakabatana zvinoburitsa simba mugridi; panguva yakaderera kudiwa, ivo recharge. Izvi zvinogadzira mikana yemari yevaridzi veEV uku vachipa akakosha grid masevhisi. Module BMS inofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuti ikwanise kuona mafambiro esimba uye kugadzirisa mamwe machaji-anoburitsa mavhairasi anodiwa neV2G.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pebhatiri sero, module, uye paki?

Battery cell ndiyo yakakosha electrochemical unit inochengeta simba kuburikidza nemakemikari reaction. Mamodules anounganidza akawanda maseru ane magetsi ekubatanidza, kudziya kwekutonga, uye ekutarisa masisitimu. Mapaketi anobatanidza mamodule akawanda ane master BMS, inotonhodza masisitimu, dzimba dzinodzivirira, uye -makonekisheni emagetsi epamusoro kugadzira sisitimu yekuchengeta simba rakazara. Iyi hierarchy inogonesa scalability kubva kune inotakurika zvemagetsi kuburikidza neutility-chikero kuisa.

Mamodule ebhatiri anogara kwenguva yakareba sei?

Upenyu hwemodule hunoenderana nekemikari uye maitiro ekushandisa. Mamodule eNMC anowanzo unza 1,000-2,000 macycles akazara kana 8-10 makore muEV applications asati adzikisira kusvika pa80%. LFP modules inowana 3,000-5,000 mitsetse kana 10-15 makore. Kuchembera kwekarenda kunoitika kunyangwe pasina kushandiswa, paanenge 2-3% kurasikirwa kwehuwandu pagore kubva mukuora kwemakemikari. Kupisa kushushikana uye kudzika kwakadzika kutenderera kunowedzera kuderera, nepo zvinyoro zvekushanda mamiriro uye chikamu-ye-chaji bhasikoro chinowedzera hupenyu.

Mabhatiri module anogona kugadziriswa here kana kuti anofanira kutsiviwa?

Kutadza kwesero mukati memodule dzimwe nguva kunogona kugadziriswa nekutsiva maseru akaremara, asi izvi zvinoda hunyanzvi uye kudzidziswa. Welding masero matsva mumamodule aripo kune njodzi yekukuvadza maseru ari padyo kubva pakupisa. Maitirwo mazhinji esevhisi anotsiva mamodule ese pane kuedza-kugadzirisa masero. Modular architecture nemaune inogonesa nzira iyi, kutengesa diki marara emarara kuitira kuchengetedzwa uye kuvimbika.

Ndezvipi zvitupa zvekuchengetedza zvinoda mabhatiri module?

Zvinodiwa zvitupa zvinosiyana nekushandisa uye musika. Modules dzemotokari dzinowanzoda UL 2580 yeEV bhatiri chengetedzo, UN 38.3 yekufambisa, uye ISO 26262 yekuchengetedza inoshanda. Misika yeEurope inoda CE yekumaka kutevedza. Mamodule ekuchengetera mamodule anotevera UL 9540 yesimba rekuchengetedza masisitimu uye UL 1973 yemabhatiri masisitimu. Consumer electronics modules inotevedzera IEC 62133 kuchengetedza zviyero. Muedzo unovhara kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi, kupisa kwemhepo kupararira, kushungurudzwa kwemuchina, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Mabhatiri module akashandura kuchengetedza kwesimba nekugadzira zvinogoneka, zvinobatika mayuniti pakati pemaseru madikidiki nemahombe ebhatiri mapaketi. Sezvo motokari dzemagetsi dzichitonga pakufambisa uye simba rinovandudzwa richiumbazve magidhi emagetsi, mamodules acharamba achishanduka-achiva akareruka, akachengeteka, uye akawedzera simba-achiramba achichengetedza mabasa akakosha ekubatanidza magetsi, kutonga kwemafuta, uye kuongorora zvine hungwaru zvinoita kuti mabhatiri echimanjemanje agoneke.